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f 1 . 

JOURNAL 


LIEUT. WM. FELTMAN. 


1781-2. 


MARCH INTO VIRGINIA AND SIEGE OF YORRTOWN. 

1 1 1 



t 



THE 



JOURNAL 



oe 



LIEUT. WILLIAM FELTMM, 

OF THE FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT, 
1781-82. 

INCLUDING 

THE MAKCH INTO VIRGINIA AND THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN. 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PUHLISHED lOR THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PKNX'-VIA AMA, 
By HENRY CAKKY BAIHD 

1853. 



Tlie Joxirnal of Lieut. William Feltman, of the First Penn- 
sylvania Regiment, from May 26, 1781 to April 25, 1782, em- 
hracing the Sietje of Yorktown and the Southern Campaign. 

[The Society is indebted to Horn R. Kneass, Esq., for permission to publish 
this Journal. The following letter from that gentleman to the Chairman of the 
Publishing Committee furnishes some particulars of the author.] 

Dear Sir,— Lieut. "William Feltman was a native of Lancaster County, Penn- 
sylvania, which place he claimed as his residence as long as he lived. 

He died a few years before the beginning of this century, but the precise year 
when he died, or his age at the time of his death, I am unable now to ascertain. 
The journal was handed to me over twenty years ago by my grand-mother, 
(now deceased,) who was a sister of Lieut. Feltman, and has been in my posses- 
sioii^ever since. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Horn R. Kneass. 

Philadelphia, April 27, 1853. 

YorJc Town [Pennsylvania], 26</i 3knj, 1781. This day we left York 
at 9 o'clock in the morning with about eight hundred effective men, 
under the command of Gen. Wayne, and encamped 11 iniles on the 
road to Frederick Town. 

I'th, — The general beat at sunrise, and we took up the line of march, 
and halted near Peter Little's Town — it being 14 miles. 

28i;7i. — The troops took up the line of march at sunrise, marched 
through Tarrey Town and halted near Pipe Creek, being about 14 miles. 

29</t 3lat/. — The troops took up the line of march at three o'clock in 
the morning, and encamped on the S. W. of Monococy — 15 miles. 

30^/i. — This day continued on the ground : the soldiers washed their 
clothing and furbished up their arms and accoutrements, and in the 
evening at 7 o'clock we were reviewed by Gen. Wayne. 

81s^. — Took up the line of march at sunrise; marched through 
Frederick Town, Maryland, where there was a number of British offi- 
cers (prisoners), who took a view of us as we passed through the town. 
We made a very respectable appearance. We crossed the Pomock 
[Potomac] at Ncwland's ferry; were obliged to cross in bad scows. 
One unfortunately sunk, loaded with artillery, &c., and a few men, in 
which one Sergeant and three privates of our Regiment were drowned ; 
encamped on this side of the river. 

A number of us dined at the Tavern (or ornery as the Virginians 
call it.) The night turned out to be very heavy with rain, and we were 
obliged to take up our quarters in Col. Clapham's Negro Quarters, I 
mean a number of the officers of our Regiment. We rose early the next 
morning and breakfasted at said Ornery — 18 miles. 

Jane 1st. — Continued on our ground until 4 o'clock in the afternoon; 
moved 5 miles towards Leesburg, where I am informed that Dan'l May 
lives and keeps a public house. Loudon Co. — 5 miles. 

2tZ. — Continued on this ground till evening, it being very wet and 
disagreeable. 

3(Z. — Took up the line of march at 10 o'clock A. M. Passed through 

o 



LeesTsurw, (which is but a very small town and not built regular.) We 
encamped at Goos« Creek, being 15 miles. 

4Lth. — Marched at six o'clock in the morning, and had orders from 
Gen. Wayne to leave our heavy baggage at this place (Mr. Corks' s 
millsj, and the sick of the line under the care of a surgeon. Marched 
through a low country, roads being very bad, ia consequence of the 
rains we had a few days before, and encamped at the Red House, 
18 miles — Prince William County. 

bill. — A wet morning, cleared about 10 o'clock, A. M. Marched at 
1 o'clock P. M., proceeded 12 miles towards Rappahannock, where we 
lay out without any kind of shelter — 12 miles. 

6cA June. — March at six o'clock, A. M, — 9 miles, Fauquier County. 

Itli. — Continued on our ground in consequence of a heavy rain. 

8/A. — Took up the line of march at sunrise. Reached the north 
branch of Rappahannock a,t 10 o'clock. The troops waded the river 
and proceeded 21 miles. Culpepper Coanty. 

^th. — Took up the line of march at six o'clock A. M., crossed the 
south branch of Rappahannock and proceeded 6 miles into the country. 
The country very poor and buildings very small — 14 miles. 

1 Qth. — Took uf> the line of march at 5 o'clock in the morning — and 
joined the 3Iarquis's troops this day, and passed a body of militia (Vir- 
ginia) of 1800 men. We had a very severe march of 23 miles this 
day. (Orange Co.) 

11^^. — Marched at 4 o'clock and encamped at 10 A. II — 10 miles. 

Vlth. — Took up the line of march at 6 o'clock A. M. : march through 
a thicket of fine woods, nothing but a foot path, through which we got 
with a grea* difficulty, especially our artillery. At last we arrived on 
the main road leading to Fredericksburgh which I long wish for, and 
encamped 5 miles from where we entered on the road. (Louisa Co.) — 
14 miles. 

Vitli. — Continued on this ground in order to refresh ourselves, which 
we had great occasion for. 

14/7i. — Took up the line of march at 5 o^ clock A. M. ; marched through 
a d — poor county, the water being very scarce. This day see a number 
of Negroes, the greater part of them being naked — 12 miles. 

Ibtli. — Took up the line of march at sunrise. A great scarcity of 
water that day and a very fatiguing march. Refreshed ourselves in an 
orchard with Col. Robinson. The Marquis and Gen. Wayne took a 
snack with us — 14 miles, (Hanover County.) 

IQth June. — Took up the line of march at day break, made a short 
day's march of six miles, being much fatigued. This day built a fine 
bush hut — 6 miles. 

llth. — Tsok up the line of march at S o'clock in the morning, march 
through the best country we have ever seen in this State, and encamped 
at Mr. Dandridge's, being 20 miles. 

I'^th. — Very fine morning. This day the enemy advanced on us. 
Our encampment struck at sunset. All the Continental Troops marched 
in order to surprise a pirty of Tarl^ton's horse. We continued till day 
li^ht^ but on our arrival found they had gone some hours — 13 miles. 



19(7i. — Lay on otrr arms till oneo'cloel:; retired into tBe eotmtrj 
4 miles, where we lay destitute of any refreshment, bedding or covering — 
4 miles, (Henrico Co.) 

20^/t. — Marched at 6 o'clock, three miles, and were reviewed by the 
General. Lay on our arms all night — 3 miles. 

2ls( June. — Arrived at Col. Simm^s mills. Marched at 12 o'clock 
A M., 8 miles, and lay at Bunill's ornery, destitute of every necessary 
of life — 8 miles. 

22fZ. — Marched at 2 o''eloek through a well inhabited country, 
though I can give no account of the people, as I have not been in the 
inside of a bouse (but one or two ornerys). They sometimes come to 
the road side in oirder to take a view of us as we pass by, but a person 
can scarcely discern any part of them but the nose and eyes^, as they 
have themselves muffled up- with linens, &c., in order to prevent the sun 
from burning their faces (I mean the female sex). At the same time 
they will have a number of blaek& standing around them, all naked, 
nothing to hide their aakedness. You can easily distinguish their sex;. 
I mean the blacks, for reason^s already mentioned. They will also have 
their attendants dressed in the sasae uniform. They will also attend 
their table in this manner. 



This day we pftsse<I through Eiclimond in twenty hours after the 
enemy had evacuated it — a number of houses being destroyed by the 
enemy. 7"*hey also destroyed a great quantity of Tobaceo„ which they 
threw into the streets and set fire to it. The town is built close on 
James River under a bank. We encamped tv/o miles this side of the- 
town. About G o'eloek P. M. Capt. Davis and self made to town and 
spent the afternoon playing billiards and drinking wine — 20 miles. 

2.3c?. — Took up the line of mareh at 2 o''eloek in the morning, 
halted at 8 for refreshment,, where we had an alarm. Our Light 
Horse brought us intelligence that the enemy was within one mile of 
us. The army immediately formed for aeti0.n and an universal joy 
prevailed, that certain success was before us. We lay on our arms ten 
hours, hourly receiving accounts of their advance,, (our intelligence on 
this whole maveh was esceecling bad), but to our great mortification it 
turned out a false alarm. At six we moved our position fiir convenience 
of encampment. A very heavy rain eame on at 12 o'clock at nig,ht — 
15 miles. 

2ilh June. — Continued on this ground ia order tO' dry our clothes 
(which had got wet the night before), and the men to furbish their 
arms, &c. This day one of our soldiers belonging to tho fourth Eeg't, 
Penna., was taken deserting to the enemy. At 3 o'"clock P. M. he 
was tried and sentenced to be shot, which soon he received in the 
evening at roll-eall. At the same time we received orders to strike our 
tents, which we did, and marched at dark in order to surprise Tarlcton's- 
Horse (12 miles;) He g'ot intelligence of our advancing (which he always 
had, more thaa we) and re&ed — 12 miles. Jaraea City County. 



6 

25'A June. — Lay by this day. At dark took up our line of march in 
order to overtake Col. Simes's horse, who had the rear guard with a 
great number of cattle, plundering as he was making his way towards 
James Town; left one negro man with the small-pox lying on the road 
side in order to prevent the Virginia militia from pursuing them, which 
the enemy frequently did ; left numbers in that condition starving and 
helpless, begging of us as we passed them for God's sake to kill them, 
as they were in great pain and misery. 

'2Q>th June. — At six o'clock in the morning we were informed that a 
covering party of horse were but a small distance before us. Gen. 
Wayne immediately ordered the front platoon of each battalion to turn 
out immediately, which order being complied with, being four platoons 
and Major McPherson's party of Legionary horse, we pursued them 
tive or six miles in full speed. At last we came within a short distance 
of them. Major Hamilton had the command of the Infantry. A party 
then of about forty men of the New England troops were ordered to 
mount behind the same number of dragoons, and then pursued them and 
came up with them in a short time. We had a severe skirmish with 
their Horse and Infantry, in which we took a n'umber of their horse and 
cattle, and killed forty of their Infantry. Our loss was trifling. Major 
McPherson's horse threw him into the field of action, who fortunately 
made his escape. I expected every moment they would have attacked 
our small party of Infantry, which was posted on a small knoll, in order 
to cover the Light Dragoons. 

21th June. — This day we lay at Bird's Ornery. 

"l^tli. — Made some movements for advantage of ground. 

'I'dtli. — Manoeuvred considerably in consequence of bad intelligence. 

30i/i. — Greatly fatigued; lay by great part of this day. Our tents 
came to us this evening. 

Julij \sf, '81 — Marched at day break 8 miles to York River, for 'the 
troops to Vt'ash and refresh themselves, where one man and Dr. Downey 
of the Gth Reg't Penua. were unfortunately drowned. I mounted 
guard this day ; returned that night to our former ground, I leaving the 
rear-guard of the army. 

Id Juhj. — Marched down to Bird's Ordinary, returned that night to 
our old encampment — 8 miles. 

3c/. — Marched at sun [rise] to Mr. Old Fields. Manoeuvres 

retrograde and many, the troops almost worn out. Very hot weather. 

4jA. — A wet morning; cleared up 10 o'clock. 

This day we had a Feu de Joie in celebration of our Independency of 
America. After that was over the Pennsylvania line performed several 
man(X!uvres, in which we fired ; had the thanks of the Marquis. The feu 
de joie was with a running firing from right to left of the army. 

htU. — Took up the line of march at 7 o'clock on our way to Williams- 
burg (which I should be very happy of seeing). Proceeded as far as 
Chickahomony Church, where we lay on our arms till sunrise — 6 miles. 

htli Juhj. — At sunrise we took up the line of march for Jamestown, 
at which place the enemy lay encamped. 

The first battalion of our line (the Pennsylvanians) was detached with 



a small party of nffenaec', ■vv-hieh brougBt otr a s^cattenng ffre m fronJ 
and on the floink* of our battalioo (the lirst), that coatinued for two or 
three hours, between our Kifienien. and fcheir Yeagers;, our battalion 
(the first) was tben ordered to close eolumn and advanoe, when we had 
information the 2nd and 3rd battalions with one of Infantry were in 
sight of us ; we th«n. fornied again, displayed to the right and left, the 
8rd battalion on our right and the 2Q,d on ouy left; being then formed^ 
brought on a general engagement, our advance regular at a charge tilL 
we got within eighty yards of their whole armiy, they being regularly 
formed, standing one yard distance from each other, their Light In- 
fantry being in front of our bafetaldon. We advanced undeF a very heavy 
fire of grape-shot, at which distance we opened our musqaetiy. Then 
I received a wound witb a canister shot in my left breast, but did not 
retreat until the whole of ua retreated, which was- very rapidly. Upon 
our retreat I felt very faintisln, but the thongbts of falling into the 
enemy's hands made nae push on as hard as- I possibly etjuld for about 
five miles, when I got a horse and rode to Bird's Ordinary, being 12 
miles, where 1 arrived in the morning, 3 »' clock, my wound being very 
paiaful. list of the WQunded officers of our line 



Capt. Cropley 
€apt. Jirnney 


Artillery 

6 Reg't Pienna. 


do.. Doyle 
do. "Vanleas" 




It. ii. 


do. Stake 


I 


U IC 


do. McClelknJ 


1 


u u 


diov Montgomery 


4 


((■ u 



Lieut Hei°bert woundted and takea aiv^ immediately paroled. 
Lt. White 1st. 

Lt.. Pierey 2nd. 

The nurabej of ©u<r killed and wounded and taken beiog 97 Rank 
tmd File. 

1th July. — This morning dresssd my wound, wbieh was^ very painfal,. 
Ik2t a very g-light wound. In tbe aftesnoon went to- sec our wounded 
officers and soldiers aS Bird's Ordinary. 

Capt. Cropley's- wound being, very painful tO' him ; Mewise Lieat, 
Pierc/9;f both wounded through tbe thigh. Capts^ Stake and McUlellandl 
slightly, through; the calf of their legs. 

8^;^. — Early tbis- moaning lieffc Bird's Ordinary vrith our baggage,- io 
join our troops, whicli then lay ait Chickahomony Church. iNlarebed 
three miles towards James River for campiRg. 

9;A. — Continued on. the same gjoisnd for refreshment, 

lOfA.— Marched at 1 o'dockP..M. to- Bolfc^s Iron Works; went a 
fishing to a small creek, where I sea a cypress tree about 8 feet across 
the stump. Very elegant baildings-^ suck as a grist aad saw EBill aad ai 
forge — 14 miles. 

Will. — Continued on the sam-e ground in oi'dcj for the men to wash 
and clean their lin-en and furbish their arms,. &Cr (Charles City 
County.) 

Vlih. — Marched at 7 o'clock A. M. towards Jamea River. Roads 
bad — 14 miles. 



8 

ISth. — Orders for cleaning ourselves and preparing for an incorpora- 
tion, which was much wished for. 

14//;. — This day the Incorporation took place, when our officers knew 
who was for the Southern Campaign. 

loth. — This day was taken up in crossing James lliver, when our 
supernumerary officers took their leave of us (where I saw the cane 
growing.) — 8 miles. 

1 Cj(h Jidj/. — Marched at 3 o'clock in the morning for Chesterfield 
Court House; exceeding good water at this place. The ruins of a 
number of huts which the Virginians built for the use of their troops. 
An exceeding fine plain for the discipline and manoeuvring of their 
troops — 8 miles. 

17 th. — Marched at 3 o'clock in the morning and encamped at Chester- 
field Court House — 10 miles. 

ISth. — Marched at 3 o'clock P. M. to Cheatem's farm — 12 miles. 

IdtJi. — Marched at 4 o'clock A. M. for Good's Bridge, where we ar- 
rived early this day — 10 miles. 

20/A. — Continued this day. 

21s/. — Cloudy day. • 

22d. — This day a soldier of our regiment was hanged for marauding. 

23c?. — Paid Mr. Brooks a visit at his quarters. 

2ith July. — Moved our encampment 200 yards in the rear. No par- 
ticular account of the enemy. 

25/7«. — About two o'clock this afternoon Good's Bridge fell into the 
creek. It was a great mercy there were no soldiei's killed, as there were 
some under the bridge the time it fell. 

26//;. — Wet morning and a cloudy day. 

27)'A. — A clear and fine morning. 

28/A. — Nothing material this day. 

29^/i.— Ditto. 

30<A. — The general beat this morning at daybreak. The troops 
marched by the right to Watkiu's Mill, where we arrived at 10 o'clock, 
A. M., being nine miles. 

o\st. — Lay still this day. The country here is the most fertile I have 
seen in this State, which is Amelia County. 

August 1st. — Took up the line of march at daybroak — 12 miles. 

Aiiyust 2d, — This day we marched to Namoziu river — 14 miles. 

od. — Marched to the right aboatfor the north, (Diuwiddie County,) — 
21 miles. 

4//i.— Marched at daybreak for James Eivcr, opposite "Wcstam — 10 
miles. 

bth. — Cro.<?sed James Eivcr and took position on the heights of Wcstam 
— 2 miles. 

Qth. — Remained on this ground this daj', which place the enemy had 
occupied before us. 

In the afternoon went a-fishing across James River ; waded across, 
and was almost cast away, the water running very rapid. Caught no fish. 

Ith. — This day I went to see the curious works of Mr. Balleutine. He 
had made a canal about one mile along side of James River, which was 



9 

about forty feet wide, in the centre of which was built a curions fish- 
basket. At the end of the canal was an elegant grist-mill with four pair 
of stones, close by which was the Blooniery or boring-mill, where they 
bored the cannon. Close by which was the Mansion House; four very 
large chimneys, built of the best brick I ever saw; each chimney has 
two air furnaces and a number of other works too tedious to mention. 
All those works were built at the expense of the State. 

Within half a mile of these works is a very fine brewery. 

All which elegant buildings were burnt by that d — d rascal,' Arnold. 
The brewery was saved by the interces;iion of the widow who owned part 
of it. 

August Sth. — Marched at 1 o'clock in the morning, passed through 
Kichmond at daylight, where I saw a number of Virginia aud Maryland 
officers who were taken prisoners to the southward and paroled, and 
some exchanged, and encamped on our old ground two miles from Rich- 
mond — 9 miles. 

9th. — Took the line of march at one o'clock in the morning, and ar- 
rived at Savage's Farms, where we encamped near Bottom's Bridge, 
being 11 miles — New IC^nt County. 

This day our heavy baggage arrived from Cock's Mill, which we long 
wished for. It being a very hot dc\y, and little rain in the morning. 

We once more came into a fine country, which we have not been for 
some time past. 

10th. — Continued on this ground, it being very hot. 

ll(h. — Continues a cloudy and rainy day. This day I see indigo 
growing. 

August 12th. — This day a soldier of the Virginia Eighteen Months' 
Men was executed for entering the tent of Capt. Kirkpatrick, of od 
Regiment, and shooting him in the left eye. 

This day I sent the following letters by Lieut. Crawford : One to 
Lieut. Johnson, one to Capt. Busk, of our Begiment, one to my mother, 
(No. 3,) one to my brother App. (No. 1.) 

loth. — A little rain and very cloudy all day. The Marquis's troops 
crossed Pomonkey River. Evening and morning cool. 

14?7t.— The day being very cool after yesterday's rain. Morning and 
evening cool. 

15fA. — This day being a very fine and clear day, Lieut. Milligan and 
self took a walk into the country for a few miles. 

IGth. — This day, about eight o'clock in the morning, Lieut. Crawford, 
of ouv Ilcgiment, left the place bound for Pennsylvania, with a number 
of our soldiers' wives. 

I'th. — This morning, two o'clock, the general beat. The troops took 
up the line of march half an hour after, marched through a low country, 
more hilly than I have seen since we came to the State ; encamped near 
Hanover Meeting-House, on Mr. George Philip's farm, one mile and a 
half from New Castle and four miles from Hanover Town, being 12 miles 
from Bottom's Biidge. 

This morning our wounded officers left Hanover for Pounsylvania. 



10 

This eveninw 1 had an invitation from Capt. Pierson to assist him in 
eating two water-melons, which were the best and finest I ever see. This 
count'ry is full of them ; they have large patches of two and three acres 

of them. 1 11 J rru 

The negroes here raise great quantities of snaps and collerds. i hey 

have no cabbage here. 12 miles. 

August 18/A.— This day Lieut. Collier and self took a walk to New 
Castle ; spent the afternoon very agreeably in playing billiards, (which is 
a very bad one.) The town is situated on a very fine plain ; there are 
but a small number of houses; the town is built very irregular; the 
town is covered all over with weeds. There are a few very elegant build- 
ings. A few of us bucks remained in town all night at the ornery; got 
very merry. 

Awjmt 19^^.— This day we were reviewed by General Wayne. Our 
men made a very soldierly appearance ; and from the parade we marched 
to a church close by our encampment, where Doct. Jones preached us a 
sermon. 

20<A. — A clear and fine day. 

21s<. — This day went a fishing, but caught ^o fish. 

22t^.— After having dined, a few of us, Lieut. Collier, &c., took a 
walk into the country about one and a half miles from our encampment, 
to one Mr. Chapman's, to eat water-melons, which we had in great plenty, 
with the addition of a little good spirits and water. His water and 
musk-melons were the best and finest that ever I saw either in Penn- 
sylvania, Jersey, or any other place. n > i i • 

AwjxL&t 23c?.— The troops took up the line of march at 9 o clock an 
the morning for Bolton's Bridge, which we completed about one o clock, 
P. M., and encamped at Mr. Savage's farms, being 10 miles. 

24<A.— The general beat this morning at 2 o'clock, the troops took up 
the line of march half an hour after ; marched through Henrico county, 
past Mr. Randol Randolph's seat, which is a very elegant building, with 
the addition of a very large deer park, wherein is erected the deceased s 
monument. 

Immediately after, we came into Charles City County, where we 
marched through the most level country that ever was seen, and en- 
camped on Col. Byrd's farm close by his dwelling house, which is the 
most elegant building I ever saw. 

All those buildings are built close on James river, which makes it 
appear heavenly. i, i.- 

He died a few years ago and was buried in his garden close by his 
house. A monument erected in the same place. 

He was married to a Miss Willing from Philadelphia. 

His neighbours are Col. Harrison, &c., where Gen. Wayne took up 
his quarters. 

At four o'clock, P. M., I mounted the Advance Picquet Guard. 

This day we marched a fatiguing march of twenty miles. 

This place is called Westover— 22 miles. _ 

Awjmt 25^/t.— This morning I was relieved of picquet by Lieut. BaU. 
In the evening inspected. 



11 

^C)fJi. — Lieut. Collier and self vrent a fishing, and caught a fine parcel 
of yellow perch. 

27 f/i. — This day, 2 o'clock, P. M., a number of us crossed the James 
river in a canoe, in order to take a view of an elegant building and 
garden belonging to Colonel Mead. He very politely asked us in and 
gave us a drink of grog. In the evening Lieut. Collier and self went 
to Capt, Wilkins' tent, and there spent the evening and part of the 
night. 

Anijusf 2SfJi. — The troops took up the line of march at 9 o'clock, 
A. M., and encamped on Mauber hills near James river, and within half a 
mile of Mr. Randol Randolph's deer park — 10 miles. 

This day Captains Wilkin and Irvin of the Second Battalion were 
arrested by Col. Walton Stewart in consequence of our last night's pro- 
ceedings. 

2dth. — This day I erected myself a very elegant berth, and promising 
myself comfortable sleepingfor some time, but to my great mortification 
was disappointed. Gen. Muhlenberg's Aide de Camp came riding post 
haste into our camp about 11 o'clock, A. M. Our orders then imme- 
diately came for the troops to march at 2 o'clock, P. M. Lieut, Ham- 
mond and several other gentlemen, then embracing the opportutnity be- 
fore we should march, immediately went to take a view of the monument 
which was erected in Mr. Randolph's deer park in memory of Richard 
Randolph and Jane his wife, (and also in memory of the deluge which 
happened in Virginia in the year 1771, which may be seen to endless 
ages.) Said Randolph has a very elegant seat. 

The troops took up the line of march at 2 o'clock, P.M., and a very 
■warm one it was, to be sure, and encamped at "Westover, (the place we 
left yesterday,) being 10 miles. 

August ?A)th. — This whole day was employed in crossing the troops 
and baggage over James river, and encan)ped on Col. Mead's farm. 

This day, 2 o'clock, P. M., received the following letters, viz : 

Two from my Brother, Michl. App. dated the 18th July, 81. 

One from my Cousin Harry Bering, dated the 25th July, 81. 

One from my friend Lieut. Thos. Driyle, dated blank. 

The above mentioned letters I received from Lieut. Blewer of our 
line, who received them from a Virginia ofiicer, who received them at 
Richmond. 

This place is called Prince George County. 

August Sis?'. — The general beat at half after one o'clock, P. M., and 
the troops took up the line of march at 2 o'clock, and encamped at Ca- 
been Island, being 12 miles Surry county. 

September 1st. — The troops took up the line of march at 9 o'clock 
this morning, and encamped at Surry Court House — 12 miles. 

This morning an express arrived in oiir camp, informing us that the 
French fleet was close by us, being 28 ships of the line, and 4 frigates; 
all very large vessels, viz : One of 110 guns, three of eighty, ten of 
seventy-five, and all the rest sixty -fours — 12 miles. 

Septeviher 2d. — This morning at day-light, the troops took up the line 
of march and encamped opposite Jamestown, where lay a small English 



12 

vessel under the sanction of a flag. We lay about two hours on our 
ground expecting every moment to see a glorious sight ; at last a num- 
ber of large boats appeared in sight with about three thousand French 
troops on board, and also three large armed vessels to cover the troops 
landing. 

The troops landed on our opposite side, on James's Island, and there 
encamped — which spread an universal joy amongst our officers and sol- 
diers. Never did I behold a more beautiful and agreeable sight. 

This morning I mounted the rear camp guard of our line. 

This evening Gen. Wayne was unfortunately wounded in the thigh 
with a buck shot, by one of the Marquis's sentinels, which renders him 
unfit for duty — 5 miles. 

Sq)t. 3(7. — This morning the general beat at 6 o'clock. The troops 
in half an hour after marched to James River, where the French boats 
lay in order to cross our troops. We landed below James's Island, and 
lay by the greatest part of the day, near the church, within half a mile 
of where we had the action of the 6th of July last. In the evening 
we marched for the Green Springs, and there lay that night without 
tent or any other shelter. A very heavy rain the whole time of our 
march. 

Took a walk to take a view of the French troops, who make a very 
fine, soldierly appearance, they being all very tall men; their uniform is 
white coats turned up with blue, their underclothes are white. 

We left all our tents and baggage on the other side of the river. 

This day three seventy-fours and one frigate went up York river, to 
block up the British vessels. 

The Count de Grasse sent a flag to Lord Cornwallis, desiring him on 
his peril not to destroy any of his vessels, stores, &c. — 2 miles, 

Sqyt. 4fh. — The troops took up the line of march at 4 o'clock this 
morning for Williamsburgh, (which is a place I long wished to see,) 
joined the Marquis la Fayette's corps of Infantry, about two miles from 
town — having no provisions this day nor yesterday, we formed our line 
close near the College, and were received by the French Gen. St. Simon, 
and a number of other French gentry. In the evening our troops quar- 
tered in the College — 7 miles. 

JScjjf. bth: — This day marched back again one mile in order for our 
men to wash their clothing and cook provisions. 

Took a walk to town with a number of our gentlemen, and took a 
view of the town, as it is the metropolis of Virginia. There are some 
very elegant buildings, such as the College, Palace, Capitol or State 
House, in which is erected a statue of marble, the image of Lieut. Gen. 
Berkely, Governor of the State of Virginia, &c. 

As we passed through town Doct. Nicholson very politely asked as to 
walk with him to his house ; we were very elegantly entertained with a 
good dinner, a glass of good spirits and Maderia wine. 

Sept. QfJi. — This morning 8 o'clock, the troops took up a line of 
march and marched through Williamsburg towards Yorktown, and en- 
camped near Col. Nat. Burrell's mill, which is a very advantageous post. 

At said Mr. Burrell's mill I had the pleasure of seeing rice growing, 



13 

which I thought was a great curiosity. It grows about two feet high, 
with one long small leaf and exactly like the top or seed of Indian 
corn. It grows in low marshy ground — 4 miles. 

1th. — This morning I mounted the rear picquet of our line. As we 
were on the grand parade, a party of the enemy's Dragoons drove a 
party of our Horse within our advance picquet, where they were very 
warmly received by them with a platoon of musketry; they immediately 
retired. All our guards marched to Mr. Burrell's mills, and there took 
post, where we remained for some time expecting them to return again. 
We were then ordered to march to cur respective post. 

In the evening I marched my picquet within one mile and a half 
York river. 

Sept. 8th. — The troops took up the line of march this morning at 9 
o'clock, marched through Williamsburgh, and encamped half a mile 
from town with the French army and Light Infantry — 4 miles. 

9^^. — This day our baggage came up. At 5 o'clock this evening, the 
Light Infantry and our troops were received by the Marquis la Fayette 
and the French General, St. Simon, and a number of other gentlemen. 

Sept 10th. — This day the enemy took two of our Dragoons prisoners, 
and we took five of theirs. 

11th. — This day I walked with a number of French gentlemen (of the 
Huzzars) at their request. The Baron Deweck, an elderly gentleman, 
being a German, so that he and I were very sociable. We dined at the 
widow Crings', where we had an elegant dinner, but nothing to drink 
but small beer. 

12th. — This day a number of our gentlemen ofl&cers were introduced 
to the French General, St. Simon. 

In the afternoon reviewed by ditto. 

Sept. 13<A.— About one or two o'clock this morning, we had the 
heaviest clap of thunder (remarked) ever heard. Also a very heavy 
rain all that night. 

This day Gen. Wayne and the Baron Steuben dined with our field 
officers. 

lith. — This day I mounted the Centre Picquet near the Windmill, 
in Williamsburg. In the evening about four o'clock twenty-one pieces 
of cannon were fired on the arrival of his Excellency, General George 
Washington. 

There was a universal joy amongst our officers and soldiers, especially 
the French troops, on his arrival. 

This night about twelve o'clock a French officer came to my picquet 
and desired me to send a file of men with him, to the Marquis La 
Fayette's quarters, as he had a packet of letters for him from the Count 
De Grasse. He informed me (as he spoke German) there were nine 
large men of war joined the Count De Grasse the day before yesterday 
from Rhode Island under the command of Count Rochambeau. 

He likewise informed me that the day before yesterday they took 
two of the enemy's frigates of thirty two guns each. Also, the last 
vessels had a reinforcement of two thousand five hundred French In- 
fantry on board. 



14 

I had about one hour's confab with the gentleman, and he seemed 
much pleased with our present situation, and was very desirous of ex- 
plaining himself in a more explicit manner, as he spoke but very in- 
differently the German language. He was confident that Lord Corn- 
wallis would not stand it longer than eight days at farthest. 

Sept'r loth. — This morning about two o'clock, as I was walking up 
and down past one of my sentinels in order to keep myself awake, 1 was 
very agreeably entertained by the singing of a mocking-bird. He sang 
by himself and continued his notes till day-light. One would have 
imaffined that he was sensible of the merit of his accomplishments and 
that it was in complaisance to man as well as for his satisfaction that he 

was pleased to sing when all was silent (but the barking of some 

dogsj. Nothing animated him so much as the stillness of nature j 'twas 
then that he composed and executed all his tones. He raised from 
seriousness to gaiety, and from a simple song to a more sportive warbling, 
from the lightest quivers and divisions, he softened into the most 
languishing and plaintive sighs, which he afterwards forsook to return to 
his natural sprightliness. 

Interrupted by the passing and repassing of the soldiers, waggons, &c. 
by examining them. 

This day we had a very heavy shower of rain. 

IQth ^qjt'r. — This afternoon at 2 o'clock I had the pleasure of 
being introduced to his excellency Gen. Geo. Washington, Esq., Com- 
mander-in-Chief of all the American and French forces now in America. 

nth Sep'tr. — This morning went to College Landing, crabbing; we 
caught three dozen. We also had a great deal of diversion in catching 
them. In the afternoon heavy rain and continued until night. 

18jf/i, — This being a very fine day and nothing to do, went a crabbing. 

\<^t]i, — This being a very excesssive warm day as we have had this 
summer — found out a new billiard table in Williamsburgh but not a 
very good one. 

IQth Sept'r. — This morning I mounted the picquet at College 
Landin*^. A very great change of weather this day, it being dull and 
very cold and unwholesome day. Rained very hard all night. 

This evening received a letter from my friend Lieut. James McLean 
dated at Philad'a, July 22d, 1781. 

21si! SepCr. — This being a very cold day, bought our corn for three 
pounds, Virginian money. 

22(i.— This day the Northern troops arrived and landed at Burrell's 
Landing. 

This morning received a letter from Lieut. Andrew Johnston from 
York (Penna.) dated the 3d Sept'r, 1781. 

After breakfast Lieut. Benj'n Lodge and self took a walk to Lieuts. 
Ball and Armstrong's quarters ; spent the day very agreeably with them 
in playing whilst, fowling, &c. 

'2M AS'(^>^'r.— This day eleven o'clock A. M., I bad the pleasure 
with a number of other gentlemen officers to be introduced to the County 
llochambeau at the Marquis's quarters. He is au elderly gentleman, of 



15 

about five feet six inches bigh, and has a very soldierly appearance ; is 
a man well experienced of war, &c. 

lAth Sejit' r. — This morning I wrote the following letters, viz. 

One to ray brother App. No. 8 ; one to Lieut. Johnston, No. 2, and 
one [to] cousin Harry Dering, No. 1. 

The above letters I sent by a soldier, Wm. Noble, who got his dis- 
charge from the 4th Reg't, Penna. 

2bt1i SrptW, '81. — Spent this day at the billiard table in town, and in 
the evening went to a hop. 

2Qth. — This day Lieut. Striker, 6 others and self took a ride to Col. 
Toliver's,* where Lieut. Wm. Moore lay sick with the fever and ague ; 
dined very sumptuously and spent the afternoon with him; said Toliver 
has a very elegant seat about three miles from Williamsburgh. 

'ilth. — This morning half past seven o'clock the general beat, snd at 
eight o'clock the Infantry and our Brigade took up the line of march 
and encamped half a mile this side of Williamsburgh along with the 
rest of the army. 

28</i. — The whole army took up the line of march this morning five 
o'clock. I conjecture the whole of our army, I mean the French and 
our Continental troops, to be Fifteen Thousand Veteran Troops, besides 
the militia; they are so numerous that I have not been able to ascertain 
their number. The American army consists of six Brigades, viz: Col. 
Vons's, Lt. Col. Barber's and Lt. Col. Gemot's Battalion of Infantry 
will form one brigade and to be commanded by Brigadier Gen. Muhlen- 
berg. 

Col. Scammell's Reg't and Lt. Col. Hamilton's Battalion of Infantry 
and Harem's Reg't, a Brigade to be commanded by Brigadier Gen. 
Harem. 

Col. Gaskin's Virginia Beg't and the two Battalions of Pennsyl- 
vania's, a Brigade to be commanded by Brigad'r Gen. Wayne. 

The two Jersey battalions and the lihode Island Reg't, a Brigade to 
be commanded by Col. Dayton. 

The third and fourth Maryland Regt's, a Brigade to be commanded 
by Brigad'r Gen'l Clinton. 

The American troops encamped in a wood within a mile of the 
Enemy's left line — and the French troops encamped on their right. 
Our troops remained under arms all night with their respective com- 
panies and platoons. 

The French troops saluted Col. Tarleton's Horse with a few shot of 
three pounders which made them retreat immediately. 

A number of prisoners taken this night who had been straggling 
through the country. 

29;/i. — This morning 7 o'clock the army took up the line of march, 
and formed in front of a morass and in front of the enemy's works, being 
about half a mile from their outworks. 

The two Brigades of Infantry crossed the morass, who were imme- 
diately saluted with a few cannon shot. One of their soldiers unfortu- 
nately lost his leg by a cannon ball. 

• Taliaferro is thus pronounced. 

3 



16 

A nine pound and a three pound sbot paid us a visit in camp, but 
[we] received no damage from them. 

oOfh SepCr. — This morning about 8 o'clock, upon strict examination, 
■we found that the enemy had evacuated all their outworks, which we 
immediately took possessio;i of. The French and British had a severe 
engagement this morning. One of the French officers lost his leg, and 
a number of the privates killed and wounded. 

Col. Scammell was wounded and taken prisoner this morning. 

Lt. Tilden and self took a walk to view their works which they 
evacuated last night, which was within musket shot of their main works, 
when we perceived a flag advancing towards us, which we immediately 
went to meet, and on examination found that he had a letter for Lieut. 
Col. Huntington of Col. Scammel's Reg't, informing him of his cap- 
tivity, and desiring him to send his waiter and clothing to Williams- 
burgh, where he would be sent on parole as soon as his wound was 
dressed. 

This day Capt. Davis laid a bet with me of a beaver hat that Lord 
CGrnwallis and his army would be prisoners of war by the next 
Sunday. 

This evening Capt. Smith of our battalion, a sub. from Col. Gas- 
kin's lleg't, and self, with fifty men, mounted the advance guard in front 
of the enemy's left, near the ruins of a miil. 

\st OctW. — This morning the enemy discharged a number of their 
horses, which were so poor that they were scarcely able to walk. 

This afternoon, three o'clock, his excellency Gen'l Washington, Gen. 
Duportail and several other engineers crossed at the mill dam to take 
a view of the enemy's works. His excellency sent one of his Aides de 
Camp for Capt. Smith and his guard of fifty men to march in front of 
his Excellency as a covering party, which we did, and went under cover 
of a hill, where we posted our guard, when his Excellency Gen'l 
Washington and Gen'l Duportail with three men of our guard advanced 
within three hundred yards of the enemy's main works, which is the 
town of York. 

Capt. Smith, and Lt. Parker and self took a walk to the York River, 

where we had the pleasure of seeing all the enemy's vessels, of which 

, they fead four of theaj sunk this side of the river in order to prevent 

the French skipping from'passing this side. We observed at a great 

idistaEce down the river three of the French ships riding at anchor. 

The enemy this whole day keep up a cannonading at our fatigue parties 
who were throwing up works in front of them at so short a distance as 
half a mile, but did very little damage. 

We waited this whole day very impatiently, but all to no purpose, in 
expectation of being relieved from picquet, but to our great mortifica- 
tion we found that we were to be continued, which we very agreeably 
consented to, and built ourselves a fine bowery of pine bushes to spend 
the night and to keep the dew from us. 

Id Oct')-. — A continual cannonading this whole day at our fatigue 
parties. One Maryland soldier's hand shot off and one militia man 
killed. 



17 

One of the Maryland soldiers deserted to the enemy this afternoon 
from his post; my waiter was in pursuit of him, but could not overtake 
him, and in his pursuing him made him drop his arms and accoutre- 
ments, which he brought off with him. 

Four of the enemy's Dragoon horses made their escape from them 
this day and were taken up by our riflemen. 

Tliis evening 6 o'clock our picquet was ordered to return to camp. 

This day received the following letters, viz : 

One from Lt. Johnston dated York Town (no date) with three news- 
papers enclosed. 

One from Lt. White dated York, 9th Sept'r. 1781. 

One from Lt. Everly at York Town, Sept'r. lOth, 1781. 

3d Oct'r. — Very little firing this whole day. Last night three men 
of Capt. Rice's comp'y were killed at our works with a cannon ball and 
one badly wounded, all with one shot. 

4:th. — Last night four hundred men of our Brigade went on fatigue. 
Very little firing this day. A number of heavy pieces of artillery 
arrived in camp this day. This afternoon Capt. Steel and self paid a 
visit to CapL John Irwin formerly of 2ud Reg't, but now in the staff 
department. We dined with him and spent the afternoon drinking a 
sup of good grog. 

This day two of the British deserted to us soldiers. 

bth Oct'r, '81. — This morning a very heavy cannonading and firing 
with musquetry. Our patroles meeting with each other caused the 
firing. 

This day our Battalion was ordered on picquet at the Redoubt No. ] , 
where a Corporal of Capt. Bond's company was shot through the rump 
with a nine-pounder as he Viras relieving the sentinels. He was imme- 
diatel}' brought into tlie fort and the Doctor sent for, who informed us 
that his life was but short. The Doctor then ordered him to be carried 
to camp, where he lived but u short time. 

In the evening we were relieved by Col. Duey, commanding the 
Rhode Island Eeg't. 

Qth Oct' r, '81. — This morning sis o'clock our two Penna. Reg'ts, the 
two Keg'ts of Maryland and a number of militia were ordered each man 
to make a gabion, which we did before twelve o'clock, M. Very little 
firing done this day. 

1th. — All last night a very heavy cannonading, and this morning, at 
the French troops, tv70 of their men killed. Last evening about three 
thousand of the French and our troops with their arms, &e. went to 
break ground. This morning Capt. Steel, Lieat. Ball and self took a 
walk to see what work was done. We found to our great satisfaction 
that they had a parallel line from the bank of the river extending beyond 
the redoubt No. 2, with the addition of two small batteries, &c. 

This day received the following letters, viz : 

One from my Brother App dated Lancaster, Sept'r, 10th, 81, No. 3, 
but received but two, and one from Lt. Andrew Johnston dated York 
Town, Sept'r 11th, 1781, with a number of newspapers inclosed. 

ThLs day I won a beaver hat from Capt. Davis. 



18 

^tli Oct'r. — This day I bet a pair of silk stockings with Capt. Davis 
that Cornwallis and his army would not be prisoners of war by this day 
two weeks. 

This afternoon our Division went on fatigue to forward our works 
near the enemy's lines. They keep up a continual firing this whole day. 

This afternoon a French officer got his leg shot off by a cannon ball 
from the British ; he was advanced in front of our works. 

^tli OctW. — Last night one of Capt. Bartholomew's men was killed 
with a cannon ball on our works. 

This morning we completed a very elegant battery for ten pieces 
of heavy artillery, viz: Three twenty four pounders, three eighteen 
pounders, two eight-inch howitzers, two ten and a half inch mortars 
fixed upon carriages (and not upon beds) in order to throw the shot 
horizontal into the enemy's works, and there to burst and destroy their 
works. We have six of those mortars; they were invented by Gen. 
Knox and proved to be of effect. 

This morning 9 o'clock A. M. a deserter from the enemy's artillery 
came to us; he left them just as their piece fired, which was advanced 
in front of the Grovernor's House. He informed us that Cornwallis had 
given out orders to them not to be afraid of the Americans, that they 
had not any heavy pieces of ordinance except a few pieces of field artil- 
lery. He also informed the soldiery and inhabitants that the French 
fleet was inferior to him and were afraid to attack him ; that they came 
to this place to procure a quantity of tobacco, and if they could not be 
supplied here, that the fleet would set sail in eight or ten days at the 
farthest, and leave the continent. Such are my Lord's addresses to his 
soldiery, but they have more sense than to believe his weak expressions. 

This day 12 o'clock M. we were relieved by Gen. Clinton's Division. 

This afternoon four o'clock our Division was ordered on Fatigue, after 
four and twenty hours' very hard working at our lines, &c. 

In the evening we opened our battery of ten pieces upob the right of 
our works, and gave the British a few heavy shots and a number of ten 
and a half inch shells, &c. 

The French at the same time opened their batteries upon them. 

\dth Oc£r. — This whole day a very heavy cannonading on both sides. 

This afternoon our whole Division was turned out for fatigue for to 
make fascines, gabions, saucissons, palisades, pickets, &c. and had them 
carried to the front of our respective regiments. 

This day wrote a letter to Lt. Johnston at York Town, Penna. and 
sent it by a soldier of our Battalion. 

Will Oc(r, '8L — Last night about seven o'clock I was taking a view 
of the shells we threw into York, which was very pleasing to see, and 
shortly after I perceived a large thick black smoke rising which I con- 
jectured was the enemy's burning some of their vessels, but after 
inquiring into the matter found they were set on fire by some of our 
shells which were thrown among their shipping accidentally. This 
morning another of their vessels was burnt. 

This day eleven o'clock our whole Division went on fatigue on the 
lines. 



19 

This whole daj we canDODaded the enersj^ and sect them a number 
of shells, and drove their artillery from the embrasures, and thej had 
DOt the spirit to return one shot this whole day. 

H<a(] Quarters brfhre Yor/c, Oct' r llth, 1781. 

At a General Court Martial of the line held at camp before York 
Oct'r 2d, and continued by adjournments, whereof Col. Dajtoa was 
President, Capt. P. DuiFy of the Fourth Regiment of Artillery charged 
with scandalous and infamous bebaviour uubeconiing the character of 
an oflBcer and gentleman ou the nigut of the 23d and morning of the 
24th Sept'r last, such as drawing a sword ou Capt, Ballard and at- 
tempting to stab him, and firing a pistol at him when unarmed, also for 
a most disgraceful breach of friendship in seizing from Lt. Biewer a 
loaded pistol and snapping the same at him, when attempting, at Capt. 
Daffy's own request, an amicable settlement of his (Capt. Duffy's) quarrel 
with Capt. Ballard; also charged by Lt. Col. John Stewart, ^^/-ii, with 
being drunk; 2(7, rioting in the street; ocZ, abusing a French soldiei; 
\t}i, Violation of good discipline in having in a seditious and disorderly 
[manner] threatened a French guard stationed at the Hospital for the 
security of the sick — was trie J. The Court, after mature deliberatjoa, 
are of opinion that Capt. Duffy drew a sword on Capt. Bailard and 
attempted to stab him when unarmed on the evening of the 23d 
Sept'r last, and on the morning of the 2-ith drew his sword on Capt. 
Ballard, he having one by his side; that Capt. Duffy also seized a 
pistol from Lt. Biewer and snapped it at him, on the before mentioned 
evening, declaring he would shoot him, when Lt. Biewer was attempting 
at Capt. Duffy's own request an amicable settlement of his quarrel with 
Capt. Ballard. It does not appear to the Court that the pistO'l Capt. 
Duffy seized from Lt. Biewer was loaded. The Court are of opinion 
that Capt. Duffy's conduct, as found, is a breach of Article 21st, section 
24th, of the Bales and Articles of War — and sentenc-e him to be dis- 
charged the service. 

The Commander-in-Chief approved the foregoing sentence, 

Vlth Oct'r, '81. — Last evening at 5 o'clock, a Detachment irom our 
Division was ordered on fatigue, in order to ran the second parallel, 
where I had the honour to be one of the number, and bad a command 
of eighty two men and another officer with me. Every second man of 
the whole detachment carried a fascine and shovel or a spade^and every 
man a shovel, spade or grubbing hoe. 

Just at dusk we advanced within gun-shot of the CBemy, then began 
our work. la one hour's time we had ourselves completelj covered,, so 
we disregarded their cannonading; they discharged a number of pieces 
at our party, but they had but little effect, they only wounded one of 
our men. We were in the center of two fires, from the enemy and our 
own, but the latter was very dangerous; we had two men killed and one 
badly wounded from the French batteries, also a number of shells 
bursted in the air above our heads, which was very dangerous to us. 
We dug the ditch three and a half feet deep and seven feet in width 
In the morning before daylight we were relieved by the militia. 

This morning two Hessian deser:ers came to us. 



20 

This morning the enemy tlarew a number of shells amongst the 
militia who were at work on the second parallel line. 

This day 12 o'clo.ck we were relieved by Gen. Lincoln's Division, 
when our division marched off with drums beating and colours flying. 
This day I being very much fatigued. 

This afternoon a fatigue party was ordered from our Division to cut 
palisades. 

This day a very heavy cannonading both from the enemy and our 
side, also a great number of shells thrown. 

ISth Oct'?', '81. — This morning our whole Division went on fatigue; 
making saucissons, fascines, gabions, pickets, &c. for the use of our bat- 
teries. We completed our task before 12 o'clock M. 

This whole day cannonading from both sides. 

This afternoon Col. Moylan's Horse, &c. marched to the southward. 

lith Ocfr. — Last night a very heavy cannonading. 

This morning 10 o'clock our Division mounted in trenches ; this day 
we had a number of our men killed and wounded. Capt. Steel had one 
of his company very badly wounded. The enemy this whole day keep 
up a continual firing of cannon and throwing a number of five inch shells. 
The latter are very dangerous, especially in the day-time, as they cannot 
be perceived only [except] by a little noise they make as they fall. 

This whole day our men were carrying gabions, fascines, &c. This 
evening it is reported there is something grand to be done by our In- 
fantry. 

I5th Oct'r, '81. — Last evening, just at dusk, two of our Regiments of 
Light Infantry, under the command of the Marquis La Fayette, came 
to the trenches. Immediately after, they advanced towards the enemy's 
two out-works, which they stormed and carried with success with the 
loss of a few killed and wounded. The following ofiicers were wounded, 
viz: Col. Barber, Major Barber, Capt. Ohlney and a few volunteers; 
the number of men cannot be yet ascertained. The French carried one 
work and our Infantry another; both parties behaved with great spirit. 
The French had likewise a number of killed and wounded. 

In those two redoubts were taken the following ofiBcers, viz : One 
Major, two Captains, two Lieutenants and one Ensign, and the number 
of Privates not yet known. 

The French and our Infantry killed a number of the enemy in the 
storm. 

When the Light Infantry advanced, the one-half of our Division were 
ordered on fatigue to complete our Second Parallel line ; each man of 
the fatigue party carried a fascine, a shovel or a spade ; and the remainder 
of our Division went as a Covering party to our troops who stormed the 
works. We were very much exposed to the enemy's fire, both mus- 
quetry and cannon balls and grape shot, and not a single man hurt. 

This day we completed our Second Parallel line. 

The enemy threw a number of shells this day and wounded a great 
number of men, especially the militia; several were wounded this day 
in their sleep, such is the carelessness of those stupid wretches who arc 
not acquainted with the life of a soldier. 



21 

This momiDg hi= Eseelkncj Genl. Wis'.inr'on sent a flag to Li^rd 
Cornwallis. but what the contents were I ::u. i -^ot leam. 

This dav 12 o'cloct our troc-ps were reliere-i bv Genl. Lincoln's 
Division, "Hrhen ■we march off with drams beating and colours fljing, 
after a very fatioruing night. 

Our Second Parallel line is no-w within two hundred and fifty yards 
of the enemy's main works, which is York Town : where we have a very 
fine prospect of Town, River and the enemy's shipping, als^j of the town 
of Gloster, which is on the opposite shore. 

Uron the right of our line we are erecting a twelve-gun battery. 

This whole day being very quiet, very little firing on either side, only 
thrc'wing a few shells. 

IGth Oct. '81. — This morning at daylight the enemy sallied out, but 
tsith what force we cannot leam. They took pos.«e5sion of one of our 
batteries and spike'i a few of our cannon with their bayonets. Our 
troofis immediately attacked them and drove them to town with a con- 
siderable loss. Eight of them were found dead oa the spot with a 
number of wounded. 

This day 11 o'clock A. M. our IHTision went on fatigne, making 
saucissons, fascines, gabions, ic. 

YltJi Octr. — This day 11 o'clock A. M. our Division mounted the 
trenches. A few shells thrown by the enemy. 

This day flags passing and repassing. Lord Comwallis proposed 
deputies from each army to meet at Moore's Housii-to agree on terms 
for the surrender of the garrison at York and Gloster, and hostilities to 
cease for twenty-four hours. His Excellency Genl. Washington al- 
lowed my Lord but two hours. An answer was sent at 3 o'clock P. M. 
when a cessation of arms took place. 

Lord Comwallis sent a fliig ; he would surrender himself prisoner of 
war, only allowing him some small prelimiraries which would be settled 
in the morning. 

This day we finished a very fine battery of fifteen pieces of heavy 
ordinance. 

IS^A Ocfr. — Flags passing and repassing this whole day. This day 
our fleet hove in sight with a detachment from Penna. 

This afternoon Lieuts. Martin, Y. Henley and self took a walk to 
the lf;ft of our lines, where we found the following batteries all ready 
to be opened at one moment's time, viz : 

No. 1. From the right. One iron IS pounder, 2 Howitzers, 2 
Mortars and 2 Royals. 

Xo. 2. Ten 18 pounders, kc, three Ten-Inch Mortars, one Eight- 
Inch Howitzer, two Pioyals. 

>'o. o. Two JO Inch Mortars and 2 Royals. 

Xo. 4. Four IS pounders, iron pieces. 

'So. 5. Four IS pounders and 2 Twentv-fours. (All Brass.) 

No. 6. Do. bo. 

No. 7. Six Twecty-fonr Pounders (all brass.) 

No. S. One Eight Inch Howitzer; Eight Thirteen Inch Mortars and 
2 Royals (all brass. ) 

We could not pass the ravine to see the remainder of our work. 



22 

IdfJi Oct'r. '81. — At one o'clock this day Major Hamilton with a 
detachment marched into town and took possession of the batteries and 
hoi^^ted the American flag. 

Tlie British army marched out and grounded their arms in front of 
our line. Our whole army drew up for them to march through, the 
French arm}^ on tbeir right and the American army on their left. 

The British prisoners all appeared to be much in liquor. 

After they grounded their arms they returned to town again. 

20th Oct'r. — This day the prisoners remained in town. 

Lt. Collins and self took a walk to see cur gentlemen officers who had 
just landed, and took a sup of grog with them. 

Jlead Quarters near York, October 20tJi, 1781. 

The General congratulates the army upon the glorious event of yester- 
day. The generous proofs which his Most Christian Majesty has given 
of his attachment to the cause of America must force conviction in the 
minds of the most deceived among the enemy, relatively to the decisive 
good consequences of the alliance, and inspire every citizen of these 
States with sentiments of the most unutterable gratitude. His fleet, the 
most numerous and powerful that ever appeared in these seas, commanded 
by an Admiral whose fortune and talents insure great events; an army 
of the most admirable composition, both in officers and men, are the 
pledges of his friendship to the United States, and their co-operation has 
secured us the present signal success. 

The Genl. upon this occasion intreats his Excellency Count He 
Rochambeau to accept of his most grateful acknowledgments for his 
councils and assistance at all times. He presents his warmest thanks to 
the General Baron He Viominel, Chevalier Chastellux, Marquis De St. 
Simon and Count De Viominel, and to Brigadier Genl. De Choisey (who 
had a separate command) for the illustrious manner in which they have 
advanced the interest of the common cause. 

He requests the Count De Rochambeau will be pleased to communi- 
ate to the army under his immediate command the high'sense he enter- 
tains of the distinguished merits of the officers and soldiers of every 
corps, and that he will present in his name to the regiment of Agenors 
and Deuxpouts the pieces of brass ordinance captured by them, as a 
testimony for their gallantry in storming the enemy's redoubts on the 
night of the fourteenth instant, when officers and men so universally 
vied with each other in the exercise of every soldierly virtue. 

The General's thanks to each individual of merit would comprehend 
the whole army, but he thinks himself bound by afiection, duty and 
gratitude to express his obligations to Major Generals Lincoln, La Fayette 
and Steuben, for their disposition in the trenches; to Gen. Du Portail and 
Col. Carney for their vigour and knowledge which were conspicuous in 
their conduct of the attacks ; and to Gen. Knox and Col. De Abbervaille 
for their great care, attention and fatigue in bringing forward the artil- 
lery and stores, and for their judicious and spirited management of them 
in the parallels. He requests the gentlemen above mentioned to com- 
municate his thanks to the officers and soldiers of their respective com- 
mands. 



Ingratitude, which the General hope& never to be guilty of, would be 
conspicuous in him, was he to omit thanking in the warmest terras his 
Jiixcellency Grovernor Wilson, for the aid he has received from him and 
from the militia under his command, to whose activity, emulation and 
couTage such applause is due. The greatness of the acquisition would 
be an ample compensation for the hardships and hazards which they, en- 
countered with so much patriotism and firmness. 

In order to diffuse the general joy in every breast, the Genl. orders 
[that] those men belonging to the army who may now be in confinement 
shall be pardoned, released and join their respective corps. 

Divine service is to be pei'forraed in the several Brigades or Divisions. 
The Commander in Chief earnestly recommends it that the troops not 
on duty should universally attend, with that seriousness of deportment 
and gratitude of heart which the recognition of such reiterated and as- 
tonishing interpositions of Providence demands of us. 

21st. Oct'r. '81. — This afternoon the prisoners marched out of town, 
under the care of three Divisions of militia. 

This day Lt. Thomas Doyle and self took a walk to town, where we 
found all the houses ruined and destroyed. 

In this day's Gen'l. Orders, the troops are to be in readiness to move 
at the shortest notice. 

Division Orders of this day. 

The Baron Steuben feels himself particularly happy in complying 
with the request of his Excellency Genl. Washington in presenting his 
warmest thanks to the ofiicers and soldiers of his Division, for the great 
skill and alacrity- with which they performed the several duties assigned 
them during the siege against York. He ever entertained the highest 
opinion of the troops, but the spirit and bravery which was so conspicuous 
on the present occasion has given him additional confidence in them and 
secured his warmest and lusting friendship. 

He canUot be too thankful to Brigadier Genls. Wayne and Gist for 
their gallant behaviour on all occasions, and the great assistance they 
aflbrded him during the whole of the operations. He also wishes Col. 
Butler, Col. Stewart, Major Hamilton, Major Willis, Major Edwards 
and Major Koxburgh, the ofiicers and soldiers under their command, to 
accept his best thanks for the good conduct shewn in opening the second 
parallel, which he considers as the most important part of the siege. 
He takes pleasure in assuring them it was performed with a degree of 
bravery and dispatch that exceeded his most sanguine expectations. 

He cannot conclude without expressing in the highest terms his ap- 
probation respecting the conduct of Captain Walker, who performed 
double duty in the trenches, by mounting with his company, in addition 
to the services he rendered him as his Aide de Camp, which was so 
great as to entitle him to his sincere acknowledgments. 

This day received the following letters, viz : 

One from my brother Frederick Kneass, dated the 10th Oct'r. 81. 

One from my brother App, dated the 10th Oct'r. 81. 

One from Lt. Johnston, dated York Town, Oct'r. 12, 81. 

One from some person or other [who] signed himself Incognito. 



24 

22d Oct^r. '81. — This morning I wrote the following letters, viz : 
One to my mother, and one to my brother App. No. 9. 

This morning our brigade went on duty to York and Gloster. 

2'id Oct'r. — This morning Capt. Stevenson and self crossed the river 
to take a view of Gloster, which we found full of sick of the British. 

This afternoon Col. Tarlton was dismounted from his horse by an in- 
habitant who owned the horse. 

Spent the afternoon very agreeably drinking wine and claret, &c. 

^.^th. — The Freuch troops are employed this day in taking their heavy 
pieces of ordinance. , 

This day wrote a letter to ray Brother App., No. 10. 

Spent the afternoon with the Officers of the Third Penn'a Battalion. 

Return of the Garrison of York and Gloucester, in Virginia, which 
surrendered prisoners of war on the 19th October, 1781 : — 

To his Excellency Gen. George Washington: — 

1 Lieut. General. 15 Adjutants. 

1 Brigadier General. 20 Quarter-Masters. 

2 Colonels. 14 Surgeons. 
12 Lieut. Colonels. 22 Mates. 
14 Majors. 445 Serjeants. 

83 Captains. 5780 Rank and File. 

132 Lieutenants. 187 Drummers and Fifers. 
55 Ensigns. 9 Bombardiers. 

4 Cornets. 6*Gunners. 

2 Chaplains. 154 Matrosses. 

Hospital Department. 

1 Surgeon and Field Inspector. 

3 Surgeons. 4 Stewards. 

10 Mates. 2 Ward Masters. 

2 Chaplains. 19 Assistants. 
2 Purveyors. 2 Carpenters. 

Commissary DejKirtmeiit. 
1 Commissary of Prisoners. 2 Clerks. 

4 Commissary of Issues. 3 Issuers. 

1 Commissary of Forage. 2 Coopers. 

2 Assistants' Forage. 1 Labourer. 

Total, 7025. 

N. B. This return is exclusive of the warrant department, which adds 
iipv;ards of 1000 to the list of prisoners. 

One hundred sf]uare-rigged vessels, and upwards of 300 pieces of 
ordnance, 80 of which are brass. 

During the siege the enemy's loss was* **00 killed, deserted, and 
made prisoners. 

25</i Oct'r, '81. — This morning, after breakfast, Lieut. Weitzel, Doyle, 

* The edge of the manuscript has been accidentally burnt near the centre of 
the book. 



25 

and self, took a walk to town to spend the afternoon, but we could not 
procure any wine or spirits, for love or money. We then crossed the 
river in expectation of getting some there. We ranged through the 
whole town, but all to no purpose. 

We also expected to see Mr. Jacob ***gler, who, I was informed, was 
on Gloucester side, and a Captain in Col. Connell's corps. 

I have the above information from Lieut. Crarey, (a British Oflacer,) 
who was formerly a prisoner of war at Lancaster. 

26th Oct'r, '81. — This day our brigade was ordered for fatigue, but 
the weather being rainy, and very stormy, and very cool, which pre- 
vented us as ordered. 

'27th. — This morning 10 o'clock our brigade mounted guard, and did 
several fatigues in town. Capt. Irwin, Lieut. Dixon, and self, had the 
Kcserve Picquet. Spent the evening very agreeably, drinking wine, &c. 

2Sfh Oct'i-, '81. — This day I was very unwell from last night's carouse. 

This afternoon I received the following letters, viz : 

One from Lieut. Francis White, dated York Town, Oct. 18, '81 ; 
one from Capt. J. Stake, dated do. 

The above letters I received from Mr. Geiger. 

29th. — This morning 9 o'clock our brigade went on fatigue to demo- 
lish the works we had the trouble to throw up when his lordship had 
possession of the town. 

This evening the officers of our line received orders to make out lists 
of clothing that they wanted, in order that they might be supplied from 
the merchants in town. 

oO//( Oct'r, '81. — This day Majors Edwards and Alexander, and 
Capt. Claypoole of our line, were chosen to purchase such clothing as 
would suit the officers of our line, from the merchants of York and 
Gloucester. 

This day took a walk to town — our heavy pieces of ordnance putting 
on board. 

This evening our agents sent to camp a fine parcel of white superfine 
broadcloth, linens, &c. 

iilst Oct'r, '81. — This day was very busily employed by our agents in 
completing our line with clothes, linens, &c. 

A- very cool day, and a little rain in the afternoon. 

Kov'r Is^, '81. — This day our brigade went to town, mounted guard, 
and were employed in getting the military stores on board. 

This afternoon a soldier (a wagoner) was killed, of the Infantry, by 
a shell bursting as he was rolling them out of the wagon, and four 
wounded, one mortally. 

This evening bought half-a-dozen China cups and saucers, and one 
cream-pot, and one pound of excellent Green Tea, for which articles I 
paid four-milled dollars, for the use of our mesa. 

Spent the evening very agreeably with a number of gentlemen, drink- 
ing port wine, &c. 

2nd Nuv'r, '81. — This morning early our line and the Marylanders 
received orders to hold themselves in readiness to march on the 4th 
instant at sun-rise. 



•26 



This day was very busily spent in dividing our clothing, &c. 

3rd Nov., '81. — This day a number of British and Hessian prisoners 
wero marched out of town under the command of the New York troops. 

This morning Lieut. Collier and self were to town, and bought the 
following articles for the use of our Mess, viz : 

Virginia Monei/. 

To 3 lb. Bohea Tea at 12s. per lb. . . £1 16s. 

" 58 lb. Susar, at Is. 6d. per lb. . . .47 

« 22 lb. Coffee, at Is. 6d. per lb. . . . 1 

'» 2 bottles Mustard, . . . . 

'< 4 skeins Sewing Silk, .... 
" 1 silk Handkerchief, .... 



13 
6 
4 

18 



je9 4s. 

\th Kov^r. Walked to town with Lieut. Tilden and Capt. Steven- 
son, to purchase some small articles. This day I drew the following 
articles of clothing, which we received from the merchants in York, at 
the following prices sterling, viz : 



1 piece Linen, 25 yds., at Is. 8Jd. 

o\ yds. Blue Cassiraere, at 7s. 9d. 

** pairs Worsted llose, 

** pairs Cotton do., . 

** pairs Silk do., 

12 yds. Cassimere, at 7s. 3d., 

1 Black B. Handkerchief, . 

1 yd. liussia Sheeting, . 
Thread and Silk, . 

2 yds. Mode at Is. lOd., 
1 pair Shoes, 

1 pair Sleeve Buttons and Thread, 
Trimmings, &c.. 
Blackball and Soap, 



This day sent the following letters to Pennsylvania, viz : 

One to my Brother App., No. 11 ; one to Lieut. Johnston. 

This morning received orders to march to-morrow morning, sun-rise. 

bth jVbv^r, '81 — This day marched at eleven o'clock, A. M. Our 
line and the Maryland Regiments marched past Cheesecake Church and 
Burrell's Mills, and encamped within half a mile of said mills, being 
ten miles. 

Qth Nov r. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line of 
march, passed Hickory Neck Church, when we got into one of our old 
routes, being 19 miles, and encamped at Bird's Ordinary. We also 
passed the Burnt Brewery. 

1th Novr. — This morning at day-light the troops took up the line 



Sterl 


'n'J. 


£2 2s. 


Bid. 


1 5 


2i 


4 


10 


4 


8 


10 





1 5 


5^ 


3 


6 


1 


5 




10 


3 


8 


' 4 


6 


8 


01 


12 


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£7 10 


00' 



of march. I mounted the Provost Guard this morning, and had fifteen 
prisoners. 

Encamped at Kent Court House, being 14 miles. 

,^8^^ Nov'r, — The troops took up the line of March at sunrise this 
morning. Passed Savage's Farm, Frazer's Ordinary, and Bottom's 
Bridge, and encamped within half a mile of said bridge, being 10 miles. 

9th. — This morning at day -light the troops took up the line of march, 
and encamped on the heights at Richmond, being 14 miles. 

IQth Nov r. — This day the Maryland line crossed James' River. 
Took a walk to town this morning. Played billiards. Spent the after- 
noon at Mr. Gait's Ornery. Dined vevy sumptuously upon rock 
fish, &c. 

- Wtlb Novr. — This day the artillery cross the river. A very rainy 
and disagreeable day. 

12th Nov'r. — The Q'r. M'r. G'l. and stores crossed this day. 

ISth Nov'r. — This morning our Battalion crossed James' River at 
Richmond, landed at Manchester, and encamped within one mile of said 
town. In the afternoon E. Butler and self took a walk to town and 
played a few games at billiards. 

14^A. — This day Lieut. Collier and self crossed the river in order to 
purchase some small articles, &c. 

Wrote a letter to my Brother App., No. 12. Spent the afternoon 
at the ornery, and playing billiards, continuing at the table all niglit. 

Ibth Nocr. — This day, 10 o'clock A. M., our line took up the line 
of march, and encamped near Osborn's Ware Houses, on James' River, 
being 15 miles. 

I felt very unwell this whole day from last night's carouse. 

IQth. — This morning at day-break our line took up the line of march, 
passed Ware Church, and encamped near Appomattox River, being tea 
miles. 

This afternoon Capt. Marshall, Lieut. Collier, and self, crossed the 
river in order to take a view of Petersburgh. Played billiards all the 
afternoon. 

A number of our stores crossed this day, 

ilth Nov. '81. — This day our line crossed the Appomattox River 
and encamped half a mile from Petersburg. A very rainy and disagree- 
able day. Walked to town in the afternoon, and played a few games 
of billiards. 

18//i Nov. '81. — This day we remained on this ground, the men to 
wash their clothing and furbish up their arms, &c. 

Lt. Collier and myself went to the river to catch a few of the scaly 
fry. This day I went on fatigue. 

19th Nov. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line of 
march, and were joined by Lt. Col. White witla about Two Hundred 
Horse — one half in front and the other half in the rear of the troop j 
passed through a very fine level country — passed Pinwiddie Court 
House, Stony creek, and encamped within half a miles of said bridge, be- 
ing 19 miles. 

'IQth Nov. '81. — The troops took up the line of march this morning j 

4 



28 

a heavy frost ; crossed Notaway River, Lew Jones's biiJge, auJ encamped 
on said Jones's farm, Brunswick County, being 14 miles. No pines tliis 
day. 

2lst Nov. '81. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line of 
march and passed two small bridges — no pines. — ^Encamped on Earl 
Edmunds's farm — being 15 miles. 

This morning. I mounted the rear guard of the army, &c. Brunswick 
County. 

Yesterday morning Ensign Beaty and Capt. Mtntzcr, of the Maryland 
line, fought a duel. The latter was shot through the head ; died im- 
mediately. 

22</ Nov. Tlie troops took up the line of march this morning at sun- 
rise, crossed Mayherrin Creek, on a bad bridge made of rails, — no pines 
— and encamped near Mitchell's Ornery, Mecklenburg County, being 
16 miles. 

2Sd Nov. — This morning at sunrise, the troops took up the line of 
march, passed through a very good country, crossed Mill Creek, and en- 
camped near Mitchell's Ornery, Mecklenburg County, being 12 miles. 

24</i Nov. '81. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line 
of march by the left, crossed Allen Creek, which was within half a mile ' 
of the ground we left this morning. 

At about 11 o'clock, A. M., we arrived at Roanoke River— our 
Brigade buing in front. — We immediately crossed by Regiments, and 
crossed all our baggage- wagons, &c., before sunset, being a march of eight 
miles, and encamped two miles on the south sides of the river. Total lU 
miles. 

N. B. The troops crossed at Taylor's Ferry, Mecklenburg County. 
2bth Nov. '81.— A very rainy and disagreeable day. This place 
abounds in deer and wild turkeys, &.c. 

2Qth Nov. — A. very tine clear sunshiny day. This day dried and 
aired our clothes, &c., which got wet from yesterday's rain. 

Tbe men received orders to wash their clothes, &c., furbish up their 
arms for inspection this afternoon. 

Lt. David Marshall of our battalion shot a very fine deer this after- 
noon, within one mile of our encampment. 

21ih Nov. — This morning at sunrise, Capt. Lewis and Lieut. Collier 
(my messmate) went a hunting for wild deer and turkeys — but brought 
home no game. 

A very fine and clear day. Received orders to march to-morrow 
morning at sunrise. 

28^/i Jfov. — Last night and this morning it rained very hard, which 
prevented us from marching this day. 

2dt/i Nov. '81. — Tbis morning at sunrise, the troops took up the line 
of march, passed through a fine level good country. Roads very sloppy. 
This day we marched * * * miles into North Carolina, and encamped 
Bear Williamsborough. The town is composed of one fine church, one 
tavern, one smith shop and five or six small log houses. Granville 
County. 10 miles. '^ 

Yesterday I wrote a letter to Lieut. Andrew Johnston. 



29 

SOth Nov. '81. — This morning, Lieut. Reeves was left on the ground 
with a number of our sick. 

The troops took up the line of march this morning at the usual time, 
and encamped at Harrisburg. The buildings are two elegant houses 
and a few ware-houses. Grranrille County. 12 miles. 

December ls(, 1781. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the 
line of march, it being excessive bad marching in ^consequence of last 
night's rain. 

Passed through a very fine country ; saw several very elegant orchards, 
peach and apple, and encamped on Gen. Carson's farms, which are the 
most elegant farms I have seen since we left Pennsylvania. He has also 
a very fine apple orchard in front of his mansion house. His buildings 
are but trifling. 13 mi)es. Granville County. 

' The above mentioned parson has eighty-five thousand acres of land 
all in one tract. 

2c? Dec. '81. — The troops took up the line of march this morning at 
sunrise ; passed through a very fine counti-y ; road very sloppy in conse- 
quence of last night's frost. We encamped near Pane's Ornery. Caswell 
County. 16 miles. 

3d Dec. '81. — This morning at sunrise, the troops took up the line of 
march ; passed Caswell Court House, and crossed Ilico Creek, a very 
tedious and disagreeable march ; sloppy and hilly ; encamped near said 
Court House and within a stone's throw of Mr. Black's Tavern^ where I 
drank tolerably good beer. Caswell County. 10 miles. 

This evening Lieuts. I>ison and Moore shot a very fine young deer, 
close by our encampment. 

Likewise a soldier of our battalion shot a fine deer. 

4th Deer. — The troops took up the line of march this morning at 
sunrise. The greater part of the road being verji hilly, crossed Hico 
and Country Line Creek. A snow fell this day of about fijur inches 
deep. Encamped at Mr. Sumner's Ordinary. 

Capt. Bartholomew, of our battalion, unfortunately broke bis leg this 
evening. Caswell county. 18 miles. 

5</» /)«•*/■, '81- — This day we lay still in order to give our soldiers 
rest, as they were much fatigued from yesterday's march, 

6/A Dec*)-. — This morning I had the honour of commanding the Bul- 
lock Guard. I marched with my detachment to one Mr. Davis's, abomt 
three miles from our encampment to get a fresh corn-field for the cat- 
tle, 402 in nianiber. 

1th Deer. — The troops took up the line of march this rao-rning at 
sunrise, (I still being a Bullock Guard.) Passed through a very beau- 
tiful country, no pine to he seen. Very sloppy this morning. Crossetl 
Haw Ptiver. The troops wore obliged to ford it, which was very disa- 
greeable this season of the year, and encamped on the banks of said 
river. 16 miles. Guilford county. 

Our heavy bag age was left on the ground this morning, under the 
command of Major James Moore. 

Sth Dee^r, '81 — This morning at day-light the troops took up the 
line of march, passed through a very fair country (no pincs;) and en- 
camped at Guilford Court House. 20 miles. 



30 

N. B. Crossed a branch of Hico Creek, where we were obliged tu 
make a bridge across on account of its being about four feet deep. 

We encamped on the heights near Gruilford Court House, where the 
late action was fought between Gen. Greone and Lord Cornwallis. \\ e 
found on s dd fields a number of huts of muskets, &c. 

Between the ordinary and the court house we see a negro's head 
sticking on a sapling on one side of the road, and his right hand side to 
a sapling on the opposite side. He was just hanged, then cut to 
pieces for killing a white man, &c. 

dth Dec'r, '81. — This day we remained on the ground in expectation 
of getting clothing washed, but the weather turned out to be very rainy 
and disagreeable. This place is called the Irish settlement. 

'[0th Deer J '81. — We received orders this morning to remain on the 
ground for to wash our clothing, &c. This day very rainy and disagree- 
ably cold. 

ll^A Deer. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line of 
march. Passed through a very fine country, (settled by Quakers, who 
have tolerable good plantations, &c.) Crossed two branches of Deep 
Creek, and encamped near Mr. Barney **iddle's, on the banks of **st's 
Creek. 15 miles. Guilford county. 

\2th Deer. — The troops took up the line of march this morning at 
the usual time; passed through a country settled by Grcrmans, who 
have very good plantations, and a small quantity of meadow, which is 
seldom to be seen. (A ^ov^ pines this day.) Left Moravian town, 
called Salem eight miles upon our right hand. 

Yesterday Col Craig of the 3d Battalion, Penn'a, took the right of 
our Brigade, and this day our Battalion encamped upon the right as 
usual. (16 miles) long. 

Encamped on the hill near Mr. McCreary's. Roane county. 

13^/i Dcc^r, '81. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line 
of march. Passed through a fine country, (no pines.) Grossed the Yad- 
kin in boats. The soldiers and the baggage forded, and encamped 
within 1 mile of said river. 13 miles. 

\Xth Deer. — The trooj^s took up the line of march this morning at 
sunrise. Passed, through Salisbury, which is a fine little town; two or 
three elegant houses; and encamped within half-a-mile of said town. 7 
miles. 

This evening Capt. Davis and Lieut. Collier went to town and spent 
the evening with Capt. Christr. Stake at Mr. Bream's, an old townsman 
of mine. 

\btli Dec^r.—T\\Q troops took up the line of march this morning at 
sunrise. Passed through a very fine country ; went back to town this 
morning and wrote the following letters, viz: 

One to my Brother App., No. 13, and one to my mother, and deli- 
vered them to Capt. Christ'r Stake. Encamped at Mr. Taylor's, 
Roane county, 12 miles. 

16//i Deer. — This morning at sunrise marched at the usual time ; 
crossed Coddle Creek, and Mr. Phciff"er's Ornery, where Capt. Bower 
and self dined. Passed through a fine country, and encamped on llocky 
Run. Mecklenburg county. 14 miles. 



31 

'V\ itliin half a mile of our encampments -was an Indian Town of the 
Catawbas Nation. They arc but few in number at this place, about 
eighty. About four miles from this place, I am informed, their princi- 
pal town is, where they have fifteen square miles of land. The land 
here is very good, and no pines. 

17^/i Dtcr, '81. — This day remained on the ground in consequence of 
rain. 

ISth Dec /:— This morning a very great frost. The troops took up 
the line of march at the usual hour, crossed Millet Creek, marched 
through Charlotte Town, and encamped within half a mile of said town. 
There are but three tolerable houses in town, and about one dozen of 
ordinary buildings, &e. Mecklenburg county. 13 miles. 

■J his day I mounted camp guard; 
' 19/A Dec'?-. — The troops took up the line of marcb this morning at 
sunrise, and crossed iVIt. Copper Creek and several other small runs, and 
encamped this side of Glenn's Branch. We saw but very few houses 
this day. 15 miles. Mecklenburg county. 

20i'A Dec')-. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line of 
march. Passed through a fine. level country, and encamped at 12 mile 
creek, Indian Land, in South Carolina. 10 mile.«. Camde» District. 

Lieuts. Lodge, McKinney, Strieker, Van Court, and self took a ride 
about four miles from our encampment to see an Indian town of the 
Catawba Nation. We had a very long, tedious, and disagreeable ride, 
and all small Indian foot-paths and thick woods to ride through. We 
see one of their towns, but it was only the remains of a town, -which 
was burnt by the British. We rode on half a mile farther, when wc 
found a very fine bottom, but all the old houses evacuated. 

We see three Indians in a canoe, coming down Catawba Riven We 
hailed them, and brought them to, and asked them several questions. 

They informed us the town was half-a-mile the other side of the river. 
We were very desirous of seeing the town, but could not trust our 
horses on this side for fear they would be stolen. 

I marched the sick of our brigade this day. 

We could not cross the creek, it being very high water ia conse- 
quence of yesterday's rain. We were obHged to fall a number of trees 
across the creek for the troops to cross over. 

21s^ Deer. — The troops took up the line of march at 12 o'clock, M. 
Crossed 12 mile creek, passed through a very fine country, and en- 
camped at Maxwell Creek. 7 miles. 

At this place were seventeen British officers, paroled. A warm day. 

I'lnd Dec'r. — This morning at day-light the troops took up the lisie 
of march. Crossed Waxaw Creek, Cane Creek, Camp Creek, Gill's 
Creek, and Bear Creek, and encamped on the south side of said creek, 
on Major Barkley's farm, Creaven county, Camden District. 10 miles. 
This a very rainy, sloppy, and disagreeable day. 

^ 23yf(f Deer, '81. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line 
of march. Passe<l through a piney, and what they call Black Jack, a 
very fine, level road. See a number of wagons, &c., destroyed, and a 
number of buts of guns, cS:c., and encamped one mile on the south side 
of the Flat Rock. 20 miles. Camden District. 

4* 



32 

This is the ground where a number of our soldiers were cut to pieces 
by Mr. Tarlton's corps, on the retreat of Gen'l Gates. 

March through a great part of the long-leafed pine. N. B. This 
place, called the Flat Kock, is about three acres in circumference, flat 
and solid. 

24:th Deer, '81. — The troops took up the line of march at the usual 
time. This day very disagreeable marching, rainy and very sloppy, and 
encamped within two miles of Camden, in the woods. IG miles. 

2bth Dec?r, '81. — This day remained on the ground, the men being 
much fatigued, their clothes very dirty. Received an invitation to dine 
with Mr. Le Count. Seven other gentlemen besides myself. lie has 
a very fine plantation. His house is built on an Indian monument, 
about ten feet high. We dined very sumptuously on a very elegant 
dinner, and plenty of good spirits. 

Said Mr. Le Count lives about three miles off the south side of Cam- 
den. 

I also took a view of the town, which is greatly destroyed by the 
enemy. There are yet three good houses remaining. The enemy had 
a number of outworks, which are all demolished. 

This being one of the most remarkable Christmases that ever I expe- 
rienced, very warm, &c., we passed the afternoon very agreeably, with- 
out fire in the parlour. 

26<A DecW, '81. — The troops took up the line of march this morning 
at sunrise. The Maryland troops and the heavy baggage were ordered 
to remain on the ground until we had crossed the river. 

We passed through Camden, and crossed the Wateree, where we had 
but two scows to cross over troops and baggage, and encamped about 
two miles on the south side of said river in a piney woods, intermixed 
with a few Black Jacks. 5 miles. 

^Ith Dcc^r. — This morning at sunrise, the troops tock up the line of 
march, passed through a very disagreeable swamp for about two miles, 
half leg deep in water. No house to be seen this day but one. Nothing 
but pines. 

Encamped near one Mr. Reynolds, lately from Penn'a, a tenant of 
Col. Canshaw's. 10 miles. 

This day I mounted the bullock guard. 

Took up my quarters at one Mr. Rennet's, (a Quaker.) who treated 
me exceeding polite, and gave me every thing his house afforded. We 
lived very well, &c. 

28//i Deer. — This morning at suni'ise our line marched (the Mary- 
land being in the rear of us,) passed through a very fine level country, 
all long-leaf pine. This day we had a very fatiguing march, being very 
warm. See three or four tolerable good houses. Jincamped within half 
a mile of Congaree River. 23 miles. 

29^/t. — This morning at sunrise we crossed Congaree River, and en- 
camped on the south of Col. Thompson's, (a gentleman who liyes 
in great affluence.) Has a very elegant mansion house, which is sur- 
rounded by a number of negro houses. 

The widow Mot and Mr. Dart live within sight of Col. Thompson's, 



on a very high hill. The situations of both places are very elegant. 
Orangeburg county. 5 miles. 

This being a very fine, agreeable day, the woods all green. The 
cane swamps look exceeding beautiful. A long kind of a moss grows 
on the different kinds of the trees. 

Ou the north side of the Congaree river a fine parcel of curious tim- 
ber called Palmetto trees. It has long sharp leaves like the blades of 
Indian corn, from the bottom to the top, (no limbs) all leaves. 

Dec. 30<A, '81. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line 
of march ; passed three or four houses near the road. A number of 
very fine ladies came to the road to take a view of us as we passed by. 
A very fine level road this day's march. All pines, intermingled with a 
few oaks and hickories. 

, Encamped in a German settlement (called Tories,) near one Mr. Adam 
Freitly's (a German,) who had a great number of negroes. 

A very fine, warm, and agreeable day. Orange county — 13 miles. 

Dec. i\st. — The troops took up the line of march at sunrise — passed 
through a German settlement — passed a number of swamps — marched 
past Orangeburgh Town and encamped within a mile of said town. The 
enemy burnt the whole town except oae house and the goal. 

There are a number of militia, horse and foot, doing duty at this 
place, to keep the tories in order, commanded by Gen. Sumpter. Orange- 
burgh county — 13 miles. 

Yesterday eveniog we drew rice for forage for our horses. 

Jan. \st, 1782. — The troops took up a line of march this morning 
at sunrise. We were obliged to cross a number of very disagreeable 
swamps. No bridges could be made, and we were obliged to wade them 
knee deep. Very few houses on this day's march. Pines very high. 

Just as we entered our encamping ground a flock of green parro- 
quets flew through our encampment, which was a very great curiosity 
with us. 

The trees here all green, just as they are in Pennsylvania in the 
spring, the willow, oak, pines, and a number of other trees, of which I 
. cannot yet ascertain their names, but I can assure you the sight is very 
pleasing. 

Encamped in the wilderness amongst a fine parcel of pines and sur- 
rounded by swamps, &c. — 20 miles. 

This day being very warm and agreeable so that I could have marched 
in my shirt sleeves. 

Very low ground this whole day's march. 

Very few oaks or hickories on this ground. 

Jan. 2d, '82. — This morning at sunrise the troops took up the line 
of march; passed through a low, swampy and piuey country. For about 
seven miles the country was exceeding level. 

Only saw one or two houses, (they arc not houses, but may be prop- 
erly called huts,) and a great distance from the road side. 

This evening after we had pitched our tent, a fine flock of green 
parroquets flew through camp. 

After a long and fatiguing march we encamped in a piney woods, 



34 

not a stick of other wood ; the smoke of which is as black as charcoal 
and very disagreeable. 

Very likely for rain this evening. 15 miles. 

N. 15. Encamped within three miles of Edisto river. 

Jan. o(I, '82. — This morning at nine o'clock the troops took up the 
line of march. This whole day's march was very disagreeable, through 
swamps and mud up to our knees. 

Exceeding bad roads for wagons and artillery. 

We crossed Edisto river, on which are erected two very elegant saw 
mills, four saws in each mill, and as they saw the boards, planks, &c., 
they throw them into the river, from which they take them to Charles- 
town. The river runs very rapid. There is also a grist mill erected on 
said river, joining with said saw mills. 

No buildings on the farm adjoining said river but a few negro huts. 

All the Virginia troops were discharged this day, so that the Vir- 
ginians have not a single soldier left in the field. 

Encamped on Hickory Ridge within four miles of Gen. Greene's 
army — 10 miles. 

This evening the frogs in the swamp sang very sweetly. 

Jan. -i/h, 1782. — A very hea^y dew and fog this morning. 

The troops took up the line of march at the usual hour. This whole 
day's march swamps as usual. 

Joined Gen. Greene's army this morning at eleven o'clock. 

Encamped in the woods at Round — 5 miles. 

Jan. btli, 1782. — Yesterday Gens. Greene, Wayne, Gist and a number 
of other gentlemen officers went about fifteen miles into the country 
from camp to an elegant entertainment. 

This morning and all last night a very heavy dew which is very un- 
wholesome. This day very warm. 

Jan. 6th, '82. — The water here is very bad, no springs or rivulets, 
all ponds and swamps, which are full of little insects ; i,n consequence 
of which I attempted to dig a well about ten yards from our tent. I 
dug about four feet deep, when I found I was very successful in getting 
tolerable good water, cool and clear. 

This day I wrote the following letters, viz : one to my brother. App. 
No. 14; one to Lieut. Johnston of our Regiment ; sent them by Capt. 
Kirkwood of the Delaware State. 

Dr. Davis, Mr. Furgeson and Mr. Baker, the latter are gentlemen in- 
habitants of this state, and the Doctor a brother of Capt. Davis's~the 
above gentlemen spent the afternoon and drank tea with us. We re- 
ceived very warm invitations to come and see them, which opportunity I 
mean to embrace in a few days. This day excessive warm. 

This country here abounds in wild deer, geese, ducks, &c. The geese 
and ducks roost in the rice fields, which are at present (or in win- 
ter, as they call this season) all overflowed with water. 

Jan. 7th '82. — This day very warm. The country here abounds in 
turkey-buzzards, crows, ravens, and the blackbirds are innumerable. 

There is Five Pounds fine for shooting a turkey-buzzard. 

Jan. Sth, 'S'l. — This day received an invitation to dine with Capt. 



35 

Andrew, an inhabitant, about two miles from camp. To morrow is ap- 
pointed for that purpose. This day very warm. 

Went to see Capt. Hall and Dr. Blithe of the North Carolina line. 

This evening at sunset we received orders to march to morrow morn- 
inof at eight o'clock, which was disagreeable news to mc and others. 

Jan. Qth. '82. — This morning at eight o'clock our Brigade took up 
the line of march. The roads exceeding good, it was impossible for 
roads to be better, and very straight and level, just like a bowling green. 
See a number of elegant houses, mU a short distance from tbe road, also 
a number of plantations which are all overflowed with water, and ditches 
dug round them to drain off the water. 

Marched through Jacksonborough in which are built four or five toler- 
able good frame houses and a number of smaller houses; and en- 
ca'mped within a quarter of a mile of said town — 13 miles. 

I had the pleasure of being the advance guard of our Brigade, 
and after we arrived at our ground was obliged to mount Grovernor Rut- 
ledge's guard in town, where I had the pleasure of spending the after- 
teruoon and pnrt of the night with the Governor and a number of the 
members of Assembly, and half a dozen of very agreeable ladies ; had 
plenty of good Maderia wine and spirits, which a few day ago came 
from Charleston. 

Our Biigade was sent to this place to protect the Assembly whilst 
sitting. 

Jan. 10th, '82. — This day our Brigade moved about two hundred 
3'ards in the rear of our former encampment, in consequence of our first 
situation's being rather disagreeable, the ground being rather wet and 
sloppy. ; ^ , , 

Jati. 11th, '82. This day we made ourselves a very fine bedstead — 
dug a well about seven feet deep about three yards from our boys' tent, 
and now promising ourselves to live like Christians again. 

This day we were under the disagreeable necessity of drawing all rice 
instead of Indian Meal, and it is a very poor substitute for bread, and it 
is a mystery to see how to make it into bread. 

The Carolinians say they are fonder of rice bread than they arc of the 
best wheat. 

Jan. 12th. — This morning we received orders tohold ourselves in rea- 
diness to march at the shortest notice; in the evening we struck our 
tents, loaded our baggage, crossed Pon-Pon, marched all night, and in 
the morning one hour before daylight we arrived within half a mile of 
Stoneo Ferry, Col. Lawrence's Infantry in front of us, who were to sur- 
prise a party of four hundred foot and sixty horse, who were fortifying 
themselves on John's Island. Our plan fell through, dajlight appear- 
ing and a number of Infantry not having crossed the raai"sh. Said 
rairsh being very disagreeable crossing, it was middle deep with mud, 
weeds and water, a number of our Infantry stuck fast and were obliged 
to be pulled out, Sec. Our Brigade was to support the Infantry — 22 
miles. 

Jan. l?ith, '82. — This morning about daylight the Infantry and our 
line marched about one mile and a half from Stoneo Ferry — lay upon 
our arras all day. Weather cold and disagreeable. No tents or baggage 



36 

This day the remaining part of the army joined us. 

Jan. Wth, '82. — This day we built a very fine brush hut. About 11 
o'clock, A. M., two of our six pounders were ordered to the Public 
Landing, (about one mile from Stoneo Ferry) in order to drive away a 
row-galley which lay at anchor in Stoneo River, to prevent our troops 
from crossing on John's Island at low water. Our artillery threw up a 
small breast work along side of the marsh, the distance was about half 
a mile, our field pieces fired about a dozen of shot at the galley, three of 
which struck her, to which I, Major Kean, Lieut. McPherson and a 
number of other gentlemen had the pleasure of being eye-witnesses. 
After receiving a shot or two she fired several shot (an eighteen pounder) 
and dropped slowly down the river. 

This evening Maj. Edwards, Lieut. Marchand and about twenty four pri- 
vates went on John's Island and found the enemy had evacuated it and 
left a number of stores behind them ; wine was one of the articles. 

Lieut, McPherson and self walked to Stoneo Ferry, where we found 
one mansion-house and a number of stores evacuated. We searched 
them and found them all plundered, the furniture broke to pieces — in 
one of the storehouses was left about two hundred weight of good cotton. 

This day we drew Indian meal again. Excessive cold weather this 
day. 

Jaix'y. 15th, '82. — This day's orders, no officer or soldier to leave 
camp on any account. VVe were informed the enemy were out in force 
this day, in consequence of which we marched about four miles towards 
Charlestowu, and returned to our former encampment. 8 miles. 

Jan J/. lOih. — This morning at sunrise the whole army took up the 
line of march, for Jacksonsburgh it was thought, but to our great mor- 
tification we found we were disappointed, and encamped in the woods 
near Mr. Frazor's farm and about four miles from Jacksonsburgh ; lay in 
the woods without our tents. This day we were obliged to wade a 
number of very disagreeable puddles. Very cool this' day. 15 miles.. 

Jan' I/. 17 th, '82. — This day our mess built a brush hut for ourselves 
to shelter us from the weather. (To be sure, and a poor substitute it is.) 
This afternoon the officers of our Brigade dined with Capt. Lusk's moss; 
we spent the afternoon and part of the evening very agreeably, drinking 
grog, &c. _ 

Our encampment is surrounded by rice plantations, which are all 
overflowed with water, and in which ponds, as we may call them, there 
are the greatest plenty of wild ducks that ever I see, thousands in one 
flock. 

Jan y. ISth, '82. — This morning I had the pleasure of mounting the 
Provost Guard, in front of Mr. Frazor's dwelling house. (It is a two 
story brick house ) This afternoon 1 received five prisoners of war, who 
were taken on James's Island. 

A very rainy and disagreeable day. 

There are a number of very elegant buildings close to our encamp- 
ment — the inhabitants very polite and genteel. Balls almost every 
evening. 

Jan'y. 19;A.— This morning about two o'clock I had a small fire 



37 

kindled to myself near my guard, T was very agreeably enteitained by 
the singing of a very fine bird called the large Gray Owl. He sang 
very melodious for about two hours. Very heavy firing yesterday morn- 
ing, cannon and small arms. The firing was at Genl. Greene and his 
party of Horse who were within one mile of Charlestown, reconnoi- 
tring, &c. 

Jaiiy. 10th, '82. — This morning Lt. Doyle and self went to the 
borough, where our heavy baggage was left to get some clean clothes, &c ; 
dined very sumptuously with Col. Craig. Roads very sloppy. 

This day Governor Burke of North Carolina arrived at Head Quarters, 
who a few days ago made his escape from James's Island. He was 
paroled on said Island. 

^his afternoon all the field officers of the army were called upon in 
council to iiaquire into the conduct of Governor Burke, whether he was 
justifiable in making his escape from the enemy whilst on parole. 

Jan'y. 21s/!, '82. — This morning very cool. It was reported this 
day that the Board of Officers which sat yesterday, gave it in favour of 
Govr. Burke that he was justifiable in making his escape from the 
enemy, 

.Tany. lid. — This morning we had a white frost. 

After breakfast Lts. Doyle, McDowell, Allison and self took a walk 
to the country (about four miles) where we found a number of Carolina 
soldiers straggling through the country, which is against General Orders. 
We were taking a view of one of their rice mills, where they shell their 
rice. We heard a musket fired, we pursued three ot said soldiers and 
caught two of them, who had shot one of the poor negroes' hog.s. We 
guarded them to camp and had them confined. 

Jany. 2.SrZ, '82 — This morning Lt, Doyle, Ball and self walked to 
our baggage, which was at Jacksonsburgh, to get some clean clothes. 
5 miles. 

This evening our baggage arrived from camp. 

We are ordered in this day's General Orders to deliver all our tents 
and camp-kettles to the Qr. Mr. Gl. 

This day received the following letters, viz : One from my brother 
Frederick dated the 6th Deer. '81 ; one from my sister Nancy dated 
6th Deer., '»1. 

Jany. "l^th, '82. — This morning 10 o'clock the whole army, (except 
the Light Infantry which lay about ten miles from the main army,) 
took up the line of march and encamped within a mile of our old en- 
campment, opposite Mr. Frazor's seat. Nothing but pines here to burn 
for firewood, which is very disagreeable. 

This afternoon the Third or Col. Craig's Battalion of our line was 
ordered to Jacksonsburgh for the protection of the Assembly of this 
State, who are now sitting in said borough. 

They were alarmed last night, which was the reason of a reinforce- 
ment's being sent them. 

Jan'y. 2b(h, '82. — This morning I had the pleasure of mounting the 
Hear Guard of the Army ; disposed of my sentinels as I though proper, 
no officer of the day appearing on the Grand Parade. • My guard con- 
sisted of 2 S, 2 C; 2 D and F, and 24 Privates. 



38 

This day whilst on guard I received a letter from Mr. Bandow, dated 
at Lancaster the 6th Dec'r. '81. Last night a very heavy frost. 

There is a very beautiful bird in this country called a lied Bird. It 
is all red and has a black cap on its head. It is the bigness of a mock- 
ing bird. 

Jan'^2Qth. — This morning I was relieved by Lieut. Dixon. A very 
cool day j ice about half an inch thick. 

JanUj 21th, '82. Nothing material this day. Very windy and cold. 
The weather very changeable. 

Jany 2Sth. — This day a Subaltern and a Surgeon from the British 
army came to Head Quarters. For what reason they left Charleston I 
cannot yet ascertain. 

It is thought the enemy will soon evacuate the city. 

Jaii'j/ 29th. — This day Lieuts. Collier, Hammond, and self, received 
an invitation to dine at Head Quarters. W e accepted the invitation, 
dined rery sumptuously. Spent the afternoon very agreeably, drinking 
wine, &c. 

Jan'i/ SOth. — Last night was as cold as ever I experienced to the north- 
ward. This morning I rode to a shelling-mill, (Rice,) in order to pro- 
cure some boards to make a bed for our mess, to keep us from lying on 
the cold ground. A very cold day. Floored our tent, and built a very 
fine chimney to our tent. 

Jan y Z\»t, '82. — This whole day I employed in writing letters to my 
friends, &c., viz : One to my brother Michael App, No. 15 j one to my 
mother; one to my sister Nancy Kneass; one to my friend Capt. John 
Doyle ; and sent them by Lieut. Pendergast, who promised to deliver 
them. 

FMy 1st, '82. — A very rainy and very disagreeable day. 

Feh'y 2nd, '82. — This morning I had the pleasure of mounting the 
rear picquet of the army. Five deserters passed my guard (all Scotch- 
men,) on their way to Virginia. This day very cloudy. 

Fcb'y onl, '82. — This morning I was relieved by a Maryland officer. 
Very likely for rain this day. If the weather in this country clears up, 
and the sun shines before 12 o'clock, M., it is a sure sign of rain that 
day ; but if the weather clears, and the sun shines after 12 o'clock, it 
is a very true symptom of a clear day. 

FeVy ^th, '82.— This evening Major James Moore arrived with our 
heavy baggage and two pieces of artillery, &c. They brought with them 
two British officers, who were taken going through the country as a flag to 
settle some of their private affairs. 

A few days ago a spy was taken looking through our army, and is 
now under guard at Jacksonsburgh. 

FcUy \bth, 82. — This day I wrote the following letters, viz : One to 
my brother Frederick ; one to my cousin Harry Bering ; and one to 
Mr. W. B. 

Sent the above letters by Col. Otho Williams, inclosed in a letter to 
Mr. Nichs. Hower, Frederick Town, Maryland. 

FcVy Qth, '82. — A few days ago I had the pleasure of seeing a young 
alligator, about one foot long. They are the same shape as a man-eater 
or a lizard, only the alligators have a sort of gills. 



39 

This afternoon Capt. Smith Stodsbury and Lieut. White, joined the 
southern army, with a number of men who were left side at Williams- 
burgh, Virg'a. Ilainy and cloudy. 

FeWi/ 7fh, '82. — This day twelve deserters came to Head Quarters. 

The enemy came out as far as Beacon's Bridge, two miles this side of 
Dorchester, which is twenty miles from Charleston, and twenty-three 
miles from this place. AH day very cloudy and rainy. 

This afternoon Lieut. Dennis's waiter killed a very large rattle-snake. 
It was above six feet long, and of a prodigious thickness. 

Feb'// Sih, '82. — A very rainy and disagreeable, dull day. 

Feb'j/ 9th, '82. — This day another rattle-snake, of about five feet two 
inches, was killed in the rear of our encampment, by the same person. 
A fine and clear day. 

Fd) \j lOlh, '82. — A very rainy and disagreeable day, so that every 
person was obliged to stay in their tents. This day I got a suit of regi- 
mentals finished. 

FtVy Wtli. — A very fine, clear, and warm day.' 

FeV y Vlth. — This morning at day-light the army was under arms in 
consequence of the enemy's movements. 

This day I mounted the Rear Guard of the army. 

Fel) y Vith. — A very fine, warm, and pleasant day. 

Feljy Wth, '82 — No particular occurrences this day. 

Feb'y 15th, '82. — This diy a number of our Infantry came from the 
lines. 

The peach and plumb blossoms in full bloom. 

Feb'y IGth. — Five Hessian deserters came this day from the Sa- 
vannah. 

This day I was very much fatigued playing cricket. 

Ftb'y nth. — A very fine, agreeable, warm day. There is a tree in 
this country called the Pride of America. It is full of berries, which 
hang in clusters. These trees are always full of birds of different kinds, 
and [who] eat those berries. 

Feb'y ISth. — A fine and warm day. This day Mr. Frazer presented 
me with a curious smoke pipe, which is made of a brier root, called 
Bam-boo. 

Feby Idth. — This morning we had a heavy rain. The afternoon 
cleared up very fine. 

This evening I went on command to Col. Haines's farm,, whoso lot it 
was to fall unfortunately into our cruel enemy's hands, and was hung 
by those damnable murderers. Said Haines left a family of very fine, 
promising children behind him, both motherless and fatherless. Gov. 
Hutchinson has the care of the estate. 

I Avas ordered to take charge of the military stores,, with a sergeant, 
corporal, and eighteen privates. 

The situation of this farm is very agreeable. A very elegant mansion 
house and an overseer's house surrounded by negro houses, a very fine 
brick rice mill, store house, &c. A fine pond of water all around the 
house, which affords a great quantity of fish and wild ducks. From the 
main road to said house is a very beautiful avenue of about a mile long. 

5 



40 

The plantation is about three miles from Jackson sburgh. A garden full 
of very fine flowers, &c. 

FtUy 2Mi, '82. — Rained very hard all last night, and part of this 
morning. Cleared up in the afternoon very warm. Spent the evening 
very agreeably with Oen. Barnwell, Gov. Hutson, and five or six Assem- 
bly and Senate gentry. We sat up until eleven o'clock at night, drink- 
ing excellent Jamaica Grog and super-excellent French Brandy in its 
purity. 

Feb'y 21sf. — This morning very foggy. A very fine and warm day. 
This evening the officer came whom I was to relieve. 

Feb*!/ 22n(7, '82.— This evening we had a very agreeable dance at 
Major Moore's Bowery. 

A number of ladies came in from the country. Amongst the number 
were the Miss Couliets, Miss Glover, Miss Williams, the Miss EUits, 
and a number of others whose names I cannot recollect. Amongst the 
number was a Miss Miles, who eould neither speak nor hear, and could 
perform her dancing to admiration. 

2od Feb'y, '82. — This day I rode to CoL Craig's Regiment. Spent 
the afternoon very agreeably, playing cricket, &c. 

24^/i Feb']/f '82,. — This day Lieuts. Collier, White, and Strieker, 
came to see me at ray quarters. They dined with me, &c. Spent the 
evening very agreeably with a number of Assembly men, drinking good 
grog, &c. 

25//a FeVy, '82. — Thi& (Say Ixode to camp and reported my situation 
to the D. A. G., my men not having either arms or clothing. My guard 
consisted of North Carolina soldiers, &c.- 

The garden here is full of beautiful flowers of difi'erent kinds. 

IMi FeVy. — Thi& day I was reliered by Lieut. Wilkins of the Artil- 
lery, wlio had orders tcvmake ten, thousaad blank cartridges with all pos- 
sible despatch. 

Received very warm isvitatioBS feom Gov. Hutson t^ come and visit 
him. 

I^ith FcVy. — Thiis day I weat on Geaerail Coart Martial of the S. 
Army. 

28 ^7t FeVy. — The array who are off duly aj® daily maneenvsing in 
front of the D. A. G'L 

March Isf, '82. — This day five soldi«ra were executed, four for deser- 
tion, and one for marauding. 

March 2nd. — A very heavy rain, last sight. A very dull, rainy, aiid 
eool day. 

MavchZd. — A very dull day, and likely for sain.- 

March Ath, '82. This morning at eleven o'clock the army was re- 
viewed by Gen'l Greene j several manoeuvres performed.. The whole fired 
four rounds,, one round by platoons^ one rou.nd by divisions,, aad two 
sounds by battalions. 

Rained a little in the afternoon . 

The troops performed their several manoeuvres with the greatest ex- 
actness and regularity* 

March bth^ '82.. In thia day's orders Gen. Greene returns his thanks 



41 

to the troops for their improvement iu the several manoeuvres performed 
yesterday; and the troops to hold themselves in readiness to march to- 
morrow, eight o'clock, if the weather will permit. 

Two soldiers in the Maryland line were pardoned in this day's orders, 
who were to suffer death for that villainous crime of marauding. 

A rainy and very dull day. 

A few days ago Grcn. Marion, it is said, was surprised by the enemy; 
very little execution done. Last evening two deserters came to Head 
Quarters. 

March Qth, '82. — Last night very heavy rain and thunder and light- 
ning. 

AH this day rain. — Our march is postponed until further orders. 

March 1th. — This day rain and very disagreeable. One hundred and 
seventy North Carolinians joined us this day without arms. 

This afternoon went to see Mr. Frazer's garden, which is very elegant, 
full of different kind of flowers, &c., a few lemon trees, fig trees, and a great 
variety of others. At the foot of the garden is an elegant fish pond, 
which produces a number of fine trout, perch, &c. 

31arch Sth. — Rained all day. 

3Iarch Olh. — A very fine, clear, and warm day. Played a few games 
of fives. 

March lOlh. A rainy and dull day. Two Scotch deserters came to 
to the A. D. Grenl's. this day. 

March 11th. — Rained last night and a little this morning. Cleared 
up a fine day. 

See a number of swallows or martins. 

March 12th. — This day a second arrangement took place in our line. 
We were reduced to two battalions of eight companies each. A number 
of our officers left supernumerary, who are to retire to Penn'a. Rained 
and a very dull day. 

March IZth. — This day Col. Craig, Capts. "Wilkin and Claypoole, 
Major Alexander, Lieuts. Ball, Thornbury, Peeble, Dixon, Strieker, 
Gillchrist and Dr. Magee set off for Penn'a. 

This day I wrote the following letters, viz : One to my mother ; one 
to my brother App. No. 16 ; one to my cousin Henry Dering ; one to 
Capt. J. Stake, and one to Capt. J. Doyle, and sent them by Lieut. 
Dixon. 

This day it was currently reported that the enemy had evacuated the 
Quarter House, burnt all their works, returned to the city, and that two 
regiments had embarked. Cloudy all day. 

]4//t March, '82. — This morning very fine and warm, agreeable; 
rained excessive hard in the afternoon ; we were almost overflowed in our 
tents. 

15i!/t March. — This morning very clear — the afternoon very cloudy 
and like for rain. 

This day we sent a wagon for oysters. 

This evening Major Moore with a large detachment from the army 
went to the lines. 

31arch IQth, '82. — This morning received an invitation from Lieut. 



42 

Smith to spend St. Patrick's day with him to-morrow in company with 
Lt. North, Lt. McCollam, Lt. llecd, Dr. McDowell, Ensigns Van Court 
and Cunningham. We rode to a Mr. Kennedy's, about fifteen miles from 
camp, at a place called Rantholcs on Stonco River, about twelve miles 
from Charleston, which place was very dangerous for us to remain longer 
than evening and we being at a lory's house. Spent the day and greater 
part of the night very agreeably. 

lllh Marrk, '82. — Went to see a Mr. Williiimsou's garden, about a 
mile from Mr. Kennedy's, which is very beautifully laid out in beds and 
walks, surrounded by box ; in the centre of which he has a very large 
fish-pond, which produces a variety of the scaly fry and wild ducks. 
After having satisfied our curiosity with the garden, plucked a few of 
the finest fiowers and sweet scented shrubs, &e., we returned to Mr. 
Kennedy's — when dinner was laid — dined very sumptuously upon cod- 
fish, Irish potatoes, asparagu„s, fowls, &c. 

After dinner we surrounded a large table, u'hieh was decked with good 
Nantes Brandy, excellent spirits, &c. We then went to work in form, 
chose a President and proceeded to business. Spent the afternoon and 
greater part of the night very agreeably. 

March ISth, '82. — This morning after breakfast v/e started from Mr. 
Kennedy's, a little elevated with egg-nog, and uuanimousl}' agreed to 
call upon Mr. Williamson to compliment him on the elegance of his 
garden. We only intended to call and take a drink of grog with him, 
but he insisted upon our staying to dine with him and spend the after- 
noon, which we agreed to. After dinner we smoked our pipes, sang a 
song and got damnably drunk. On our starting, a short distance from 
the house my horse throw me and ran away. The rest of the company 
pursued him, but could not overtake him until he arrived at Mr. Ken- 
nedy's, which was about a mile. There we were all obliged to remain 
until we recovered, and came a little to our senses, which was about two 
o'clock in the morning. 

Maraii 19tk, '82. — This morning about day-light wc arrived in camp, 
when we adjourned to Mr. President's tent (Dr. JMcDowell;) we brought 
half a dozen of bottles of spirits with us ; there we drank again until wc 
were merry ; slept greater part of the day. 

March 20th, '82. — This whole day I was very unwell, being much 
bruised, fiilling from my horse. 

Marcli '2\st. — A very heavy storm and rain last night. Mounted the 
eamp guard this day. This day's orders ; the army to hold themselves 
in readiness to march to-morrow morning 9 o'clock. 

3Iarc]b 1'2d. — This morning the troops took up the line of march 
agreeable to yesterday's orders. Very sloppy roads all day. In this 
d ly's march we passed a hill, which was the first one I saw since we 
eame to this state ; passed Stoneo Church and encamped within a mile 
on the east side of said church on the road to Bacon's Bridge. 10 miles. 
This day Capt. Steel joined us. 

2.od Marcli, '82. — This day was very busily employed by ourselves 
and men in building huts and chimneys. We built a very elegant brick 
chimney to our tent. 



43 

March 2ith, '82. — This morning at nine o'clock the army took up 
the lino of march agreeable to yesterday's orders — marched through a 
beautiful level country, roads very straight and good, and encani[ied in 
a wilderness in a thicket of brush, &c., about one mile from Bacon's 
Bridge. 10 miles. 

March 25th. — This afternoon Lt. Collier and self went to pay a visit 
to the Infantry, who then lay at Bacon's Bridge (a very advantageous 
post.) On our arrival there we found they (Infantry) had just marched 
for Dorchester. After taking a view of the bridge, &c. we were obliged 
to return to our encampment again through a very heavy and disagreeable 
rain ; got wet thoroughly; rained all the afternoon. 

March 2Q(h, '82. — This day was very busily employed by both of- 
ficers and soldiers in building huts, raising tents, clearing the encamp- 
ment, &c. 

This afternoon we drew spirits. This evening a detachment went 
out under the command of Capt. Willmot, of the Maryland line. Our 
officers were very much dissatisfied with such partiality. 

March 21 th, '82. — This morning I mounted camp guard upon the 
left flank of our line. A fine and warm day. 

31arch 2Sfh, '82. — This day Lieuts. Smith, Reed, Van Court, and 
self, took a ride to Mr. Williamson's, about fourteen miles from camp. 
In the evening a very heavy rain, so that we were obliged to remain all 
night at Mr. Williamson's, who insisted on our staying, which we con- 
sented to. Spent the evening very agreeably, chatting and smoking a 
pipe, and drinking a glass of good grog. 

This day the following memorial was sent to Gen. Greene in conse- 
quence of Capt. Willmot and Subalterns' going on command, viz : 

Camp, 28th March, 17S2. 

Sir : — When the subjects of a State conceive their rights infringed on, 
they readily suppose it arises from some mistake in the Executive part of 
the Government, or that the Governor means to adopt a mode of governing 
altogether new, and what the subjects have hitherto been unacquainted 
with. It is natural for the good subjects (as men who have a sense of 
subordination, knowing it to be the basis on which the privileges and 
happiness of the people so much depend, and more particularly in an 
army,) to inquire and modestly ask an explanation. 

In the situation of injured subjects, do the Captains and Subalterns 
of the Pennsylyania line view themselves, when>they reflect on the cir- 
cumstances attending the formation of Capt. Willmot's detachment. W^e 
do therefore beg the General will inform us whether it was his intention 
that Capt. AVillmot's command should be formed on the principle it was, 
or whether by mistake. Should it prove the latter, we shall be happy, 
and have not a doubt that Gen'l Greene's sense of equity and honor 
will lead him to do justice to the feelings of a body of injured OtScers. 

For the purpose of better explaining the points wherein we conceive 
ourselves agrieved, we enclose a copy of the order. 

[Here is a blank page in the MS.] 
5* 



44 



"\Yc have the honor to be with respect jour obedient and very lunnblc 
servants. (Signed,) 



John Davis, Captain. 
Jos. Collier, Lieut. 
Henry Henly, Lieut. 

A. M. Dunn, Lieut. 
Jno. Humphrey, Ensign. 
Samuel Smith, Capt. 
H'y Bicker, Capt. 

J. McCuUam, Lieut. 
T. Boude, Capt. 
J. Stotsbury, Capt. 
Eben'r Denny, Ensign. 
T. B. Tilden, Lieut. 
Andrew Irwin, Capt. 
T. Campbell, Capt. 

B. Lodge, Lieut. 
Jerr'h Jackson, Capt. 
Jno. Van Court, Ensign. 
James McFarlane, Lieut. 



J. Steel, Capt. 
"W. Feltnian, Lieut. 
Francis White, Lieut. 
Jas. McCuUoch, Lieut. 
Peter Cunninghaiu, Lieut. 
Jacob Weitzel, Lieut. 
George North, Lieut. 
Jno. McKinney, Lieut. 
Thos. Doyle, Lieut. 
Jno. Markland, Lieut. 
D iMcKnight, Lieut. 
James McPberson, Lieut. 
J. Bowen, Capt. 
R. Allison, Lieut. 
Wm. Lusk, Capt. 
W. l^evins, Lieut. 
D. MarsluiU, Lieut. 
1*. Smith, Lieut. 



March 29th, 1782. — This morning it was excessive cold, snowed a 
little; cleared up a fine day. This morning we breakfasted at Mr. Wil- 
liamson's ; started about eleven o'clock, A. M., and arrived in camp 
about dinner time. Mr. Williamson was so good as to make us a pre- 
sent of an elegant bunch of asparagus. 

This afternoon received an answer from Gen. Greene, in consequence 
of yesterday's memorial, viz : 

Head Quarters, March 29th, 1782. 

Gentlemen : — The constitution of an army and that , of civil govern- 
ment are upon such difl'erent principles, the object of one so difi'erent from 
the other, that what might be essential to military operations in tbe forma- 
tion of an army, would befounJ too simple for tlie various interests and dif- 
ferent claims under civil government. The business of an army is to cover 
the country and annoy the enemy ; that of civil government to protect 
and secure the rights of individuals. Therefore to argue from analogy 
of the rights of men under these different governments, is confounding 
things that have no relation, and reasoning upon principles that never 
can be admitted in an army. It i.s necessary both to the success and the 
security of an army, that its movements should be simple and secret. 
If the constitution of an army is not upon this principle, it can never 
answer the designs of government ; and to furu! an army upon any plan 
which must defeat the great object of it, will burthen the community 
with great expense without utility. I am always as tender of tbe feel- 
ings ot ctEcers as possible; but if they go into refinements, :iud urge 
injuries wbich have no foundation but from improper modes of reason- 
ing, I cannot sacrifice the public good iirid the reputation of the army at 
largo to accommodate military operations to their way of thinking 



45 

You arc to consider yourselves as officers of the continental army, 
Lound by its laws, and governed by military maxim?. You arc under 
military, not civil, government. If you feel any injury, it must be as 
(ifiicers of the line of the arm}', and not those of any particular state. 
13at if you will give yourselves the trouble to read military authors, and 
consider the practice of other armies, and reflect without prejudice upon 
the nature and design of detachments, you cannot but be convinced your 
grievances arc imaginary 

When detachments are made, it is for some particular purpose. To 
make it, therefore, in a manner not perfectly calculated to answer the 
design, would both sacrifice the public good, and by degrees the reputa- 
tion of the army. There are more things to be taken into consideration 
in making a detachment than merely the military abilities of the officer 
commanding, or his rank in the line of the army. 

There is a knowledge of the country, the people, and other local cir- 
cuuistances, which are very material considerations, to be attended to, to 
give success to an enterprise. 

A man of an inferior capacity, with a knowledge of these things, would 
be able to execute and command much better with them, than a man 
of superior capacity without them. 

I have ever made it a rule, and I find it well warranted by the best 
military writers, as well as from the reason and nature of the thing, to 
detach such men and officers as I may think requisite for the service to 
be performed. Nothing short of this can give success to an enterprise. 
I hope, therefore you will consider this explanation satisfactory. You 
may be assured I have the strongest disposition to oblige and do justice 
to the merit and services of every officer, but I must confine myself to 
such maxims of military govci-nment as are necessary to do justice to the 
public and the army at large. 

I am. Gentlemen, 

Your most obed't, humble serv't, 

Natii. Greene. 

To Capt. John Davis and others, of the Penn'a Line. 

jiarch 29th continued, 1782.- — This afternoon Capt. Ziglcr joined our 
Regiment. 

3la)-ch 30//i, '82. — A very cold and disagreeable day. 

March o\st, 1782. — Morning and evening very cold. 

Capt. Zigler ordered in this day's order to take command of Capt. 
Stevenson's compan}^ 

April \st, 1782. — This day I wrote the following letters, viz : one to 
mv mother; one to Capt. John Doyle; and one to Capt. Abraham 
Dehuft'. 

This morning I mounted the right flank picquct, about one mile from 
our encampment. 

This evening received a letter from my brother App. This afternoon 
a Hessian Yeager (a deserter) passed my picquet. Uur line mustered. 

April 2;u?, '82. — This morning a very heavy white frost 

This day wrote the following letters, viz: one to my brother App. 



46 

No. 17 ; and one to my brother Kneass, No. 1 ; and sent them with 

the rest of the letters I wrote yesterday by Joseph , from llei- 

ger's Town, Penn'a. 

This evening received orders to gear up our wagon horses, and hold 
ourselves in readiness to march at a moment's warning. It is thought 
the enemy are determined to fight us, as they are making all preparations 
for that purpose. 

This morning and evening very cool, and the middle of the day very 
warm. 

Last night sis soldiers, prisoners of war, made their escape out of the 
Provost Guard. 

^^pril urd, 1782. — Last night it was very cold. 

This morning we sent an answer to Gen. Greene's letter of the 29th 
of last month, viz : 

Camp, Apl. 3d, '82. 

Sir : — That civil and military governments differ we grant. But that 
they are both constituted on principles of justice is a circumstance in itself 
loo evident to admit of a doubt. 

Therefore to quote civil government, and deduce thence that a sub- 
ject, though not of a State, we had right to ask redress of grievances, 
and not to be deemed unreasonable. For that military subjects have 
not a claim to justice, although the Government is supposed to hold it, 
in its very principles, is a matter that we have never yet been acquaint- 
ed with. From what circumstances the General judges, when lie sup- 
poses us to have taken up the nuitter as (3fSccrs of a State, and not of 
the Continental Army, we are at a loss to know; and can only answer, 
that it is not in our power to account for the feelings and ideas of any 
body but ourselves; but offer to explain why it should affect us particu- 
larly, as there was an officer of our brigade sent by regular detail with 
the detachment to the Grand Parade, and was dismissed th'ence by Capt. 
AVillmot, who produced an order vesting him (Capt. Willmot) with 
power to approve of or reject such officers as he might think proper. 

If the Gcn'l will reflect a moment on the circumstances, he must na- 
turally conclude, (unless he supposes us void of every delicate sensation) 
that we have cause of complaint. We conclude with answering, that 
although the answer to our address was not so satisfactory as we could 
have expected, we are induced, from the peculiar situation of the army, 
and our zeal for the public good, to decline any further steps on the oc- 
casion. And remain with respect. 

Your most obedient humble scrv'ts, 

[Signed on behalf of the officers,] 

John Davis, Capt. 1st Penn'a. Batt. 
J. Bower, Capt. 2nd Penn'a. Batt. 

This day a flag came to Bacon's Bridge. 

April Ath, '82. — Lt. Collier, Doyle, and self, took a walk about a mile 
on the left of our encampment, cro^:sed Ashley Kiver, went to a Mr. 



47 

Itzcv's house, drank grog, &.C. A warm day. This day a second flag 
came to the bridge. 

This day wrote the following letters, viz : one to my mother, and one 
to my brother App., No. 18, and sent them by Mr. Patten. 

A/jn'I 5th. — This day the Light Infantry brohe up and joined their 
respective regiments. 

This afternoon a third flag came to the bridge, requesting that the 
confiscated estates should not 'be sold, but restored to the proper own- 
ers, &c. 

A very warm and fine day. 

April Qth. — A very fine, warm, and agreeable day. 

April "ith, '82. — This morning mounted Gen. Greene's guard. Lived 
exceedingly well ; plenty of good wine, &c. 

This day two deserters came to Head Quarters. A very warm day. 

April 8 til, '82. — Last night very cold. This morning a British Dra- 
goon came to Head Quarters, who deserted hist night fi-om a party of 
two hundred horse, who came as far as Dorchester. He brought his 
horse and all his accoutrements with him. 

T'lis morning was relieved by Lieut. Hammond, of our regiment. 
This morning a very heavy firing of cannon and small arms. 

April 9th, '82. — A very rainy and very disagreeable day. We were 
obliged to keep in our tents. In this day's General Orders I was ap- 
pointed Paymaster to the First Battalion of Pennsy'a. 

Ajiril lOih, '82. — All last night excessive hard rain, thunder and 
lightning. A cloudy, rainy, and dull day. 

April llth. — Rained all day. Last night a very heavy rain. 

This afternoon a flan; came to Bacon's Brid";c. 

Aj^ril Vlth, '82. — This morning Capt. Ziglcr went as a (lag to the 
enemy's lines. Cloudy all day. 

Ap)ril \ofli., '82. — This morning nine o'clock the whole army formed 
in a field in front of the Adjt. Genl's. Fired one round by platoons, one 
by divisions, and one by battalions. 

A very fine, warm, and agreeable day. 

April 14A'i, '82. — Last night it rained very hard, and very heavy 
thunder and lio;htnino-. 

A fine, warm, and agreeable day. 

April 15th. — This being a very warm day in camp, Lieuts. Doyle, 
Collier, and self, took a walk through the woods, and called at one Mr. 
Warren's house, where part of the fields were surrounded by palmetto 
trees, as a substitute for a fence. It has leaves about two feet long, and 
two inches wide, and very sharp at the end. The woods are all covered 
over with a very fine, sweet flower, called jessamine. 

IG'/i April. — .\ fine and warm day. Morning and evening very cool. 

April \~th. — This evening a Capt. Orcndorff and fifty men went to 
the lines. 

Apjril iSth, '82. — Spent the afternoon very agreeably with Lt. Cle- 
mens, of the Maryland line. This day four deserters came to Head 
Quarters. 

Aj^ril I9th, '82. — This day Lieut. McFarland and self took a ride into 



48 

tlie country. Had tlie pleasure of seeiug three alligators, one of seven 
feet, one of four, and one of two feet. 

April 20th, '82. — This afternoon a Captain, Subaltern, and twenty- 
four rank and file, (Refugees,) deserted from John's Island, and came to 
Head Quarters, all armed. 

Ajvi'l 21st, '82. — This morning Lieut. Cunningham and self rode to 
Head Quarters, with a determination to resign our commissions, which 
were accepted of by Genl. Greene, after making a small pause of half an 
hour. 

I asked him whether he would be so obliging as to advance us a small 
sum of money, which he very politely refused, and made answer that he 
had not any money for those people who chose to return homo at their 
own will. 

22d April, '82. — This day I was very busily employed in getting 
ready to start for the northward. 

23f? Jipril, '82. — This morning Capt. Campbell, Capt. Stevenson, 
Lieut. Cunningham, Lieut. Arthur and self started, and came on to a. 
Mr. Dunklin's, 28 miles from camp. 

2itli April. — This day we passed a number of hills, &c., and quar- 
tered at Capt. Hail's, 28 miles. 

2htli April. — Dined at Col. Thompson's. Crossed the Congaree, and 
quartered at Mr„ Dawson's, where we were treated very politely. 26 
miles. 





















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